Gastro/nutrition Flashcards
How do you calculate the number of units of alcohol in a drink?
(Volume (ml) x ABV%) / 1000
Which test is gold standard for detecting H. pylori?
13C Urea breath test
Which test is specific for PBC?
Antimitochondrial antibodies
What is PBC?
An autoimmune condition of the liver with destruction of the bile canaliculi
Which vitamin deficiency results in pellagra?
Niacin (B3)
What are the signs and symptoms of pellagra?
Diarrhoea, dementia, dermatitis and (death)
What is niacin derived from?
Tryptophan
Name some causes of pre-hepatic portal hypertension
Portal vein thrombosis
Congenital atresia
What is a Spigelian hernia?
A rare hernia through the spigelian fascia, between the rectus abdominal aponeurosis and semilunar line
Most occur on the right side and at age 50
What is a Richter’s hernia?
A hernia where the antimesenteric border of the bowel protrudes through the abdominal wall, high risk of strangulation
How would you classify haemorrhoids?
Grade I - do not prolapse
Grade II - prolapse on defecation but reduce spontaneously
Grade III - require manual reduction
Grade IV - not reducible
Name some causes of HCC
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
Haemochromatosis
PBC
Name some associations of H. pylori
Peptic ulcer disease
MALT
Coronaritis
IDA
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Menetrier’s disease - rare high protein gastropathy characterised by gastric hypertrophy resulting in increased mucous secretion
Name some clinical features of left sided colorectal carcinoma
Colicky pain
Rectal bleeding
Tenesmus
Mass palpable
Early change in bowel habit
Name some clinical features of right sided colorectal carcinoma
Weight loss
Anaemia
Occult bleeding
Mass palpable
