Renal/urology Flashcards
Classify the types of testicular tumours
Germ cell - 95%
Can be subdivided into seminomas and non-seminomas
Non-germ cell
E.g. Leydig cell, Sertoli cell, sarcomas
Extragonadal tumours
In which conditions would you expect to find a decreased SG?
Excessive fluid intake
Renal failure
Pyelonephritis
Central and nephrogenic DI
Describe the non cystic manifestations of ADPKD
Mitral valve prolapse
Berry aneurysms
Colonic diverticulae
RCC
Which radiological sign can be seen with retroperitoneal fibrosis?
“Maiden-waist” sign
Which empirical treatments can be used for retroperitoneal fibrosis?
Steroids
Tamoxifen
Azathioprine
What is sterile pyuria?
The presence of elevated white cells (>10/mm3) in urine which appears sterile using standard culture techniques
What is interstitial nephritis?
Otherwise known as bladder pain syndrome
Chronic syndrome of urinary frequency, urgency and pelvic pain
What is the triad of HUS?
Acute renal failure
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopaenia
Which antibiotics are considered appropriate for UTI associated with pregnancy?
Amoxicillin, cefalexin
7 day duration
What is the recommended duration of abx for women with uncomplicated UTIs?
3 days
What is the underlying pathology in Alport syndrome?
A rare defect of genes encoding type IV collagen
Name some organisms causing epididymo-orchitis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
E. coli
Pseudomonas
Name some indications for a CT head within 1 hour
GCS < 13 on initial assessment
GCS < 15 at 2 hours post-injury
suspected open or depressed skull fracture
any sign of basal skull fracture (haemotympanum, ‘panda’ eyes, cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the ear or nose, Battle’s sign).
post-traumatic seizure.
focal neurological deficit.
more than 1 episode of vomiting
