Gastroenteritis

Question 1

source of campylobacter

Answer 1

contaminated water
animal droppings
unpasteurised milk

Question 2

clinical features of campylobacter

Answer 2

fever
dysentery
reactive arthritis

Question 3

management of campylobacter

Answer 3

self limiting

if severe - erythromycin

Question 4

source of salmonella

Answer 4

contaminated water
eggs
poultry
meat

Question 5

clinical features of salmonella

Answer 5

dysentery
vomiting
abdominal pain
low-grade fever

Question 6

management of salmonella

Answer 6

usually self-limiting

bacteraemia - ciprofloxacin

Question 7

sources of shigella

Answer 7

faecal-oral

contaminated food and water

Question 8

clinical features of shigella

Answer 8

dysentery
colicky abdominal pain
sometimes fever

Question 9

management of shigella

Answer 9

ciprofloxacin

Question 10

source of bacillus cereus

Answer 10

reheated rice or sauces

Question 11

clinical features of bacillus cereus

Answer 11

watery diarrhoea

profuse vomiting

Question 12

management of bacillus cereus

Answer 12

self-limiting

Question 13

sources of listeria

Answer 13

unpasteurised milk and cheese

raw meat

Question 14

clinical features of listeria

Answer 14

watery diarrhoea
colicky abdominal pain
vomiting

Question 15

management of listeria

Answer 15

ampicillin

Question 16

source of clostridium perfringens

Answer 16

uncooked meat

Question 17

clinical features of clostridium perfringens

Answer 17

watery diarrhoea

colicky abdominal pain

Question 18

management of clostridium perfringens

Answer 18

self-limiting

Question 19

source of clostridium botulinum

Answer 19

bottled/canned food

Question 20

clinical features of clostridium botulinum

Answer 20

short period of watery diarrhoea
symmetrical descending flaccid paralysis
no sensory impairment

Question 21

management of clostridium botulinum

Answer 21

anti-toxin

benzyl-penicillin and metronidazole

Question 22

sources of staph aureus

Answer 22

dairy products

cooked meats

Question 23

clinical features of staph aureus

Answer 23

profuse vomiting initially

diarrhoea presents later

Question 24

management of staph aureus

Answer 24

self-limiting

Question 25

source of e coli

Answer 25

most common cause of traveller's diarrhoea

Question 26

clinical features of e coli

Answer 26

watery diarrhoea | vomiting

Question 27

management of e coli

Answer 27

self limiting | ciprofloxacin may be considered

Question 28

sources of e coli 0157

Answer 28

contaminated food | usually as outbreaks

Question 29

clinical features of e coli 0157

Answer 29

dysentery | constant abdominal pain

Question 30

management of e coli 0157

Answer 30

supportive

Question 31

sources of yersinia

Answer 31

pork | milk

Question 32

clinical features of yersinia

Answer 32

abdominal pain watery diarrhoea sometimes fever

Question 33

management of yersinia

Answer 33

ciprofloxacin

Question 34

source of giardia

Answer 34

contaminated water | common in the tropics

Question 35

clinical features of giardia

Answer 35

explosive, offensive diarrhoea vomiting abdominal pain distension

Question 36

management of giardia

Answer 36

ciprofloxacin

Question 37

source of cryptosporidiosis

Answer 37

contaminated water | only seen in immunocompromised patients

Question 38

clinical features of cryptosporidiosis

Answer 38

profuse diarrhoea | intermittent abdominal pain

Question 39

management of cryptosporidiosis

Answer 39

usually self-limiting | if severe - co-trimoxazole for 7 days

Question 40

sources of entamoeba

Answer 40

faecal-oral | contaminated food

Question 41

clinical features of entamoeba

Answer 41

dysentery with intermittent constipation

Question 42

management of entamoeba

Answer 42

metronidazole or tinidazole in acute phase | paromomycin or diloxanide for up to 10 days

Question 43

source of strongyloides

Answer 43

endemic in the tropics and sub-tropics

Question 44

clinical features of strongyloides

Answer 44

``` triad of - abdominal pain - dairrhoea - urticaria systemic disease in the immunosuppressed ```

Question 45

management of strongyloides

Answer 45

ivermectin for 2 days or albenazole for 3 days

Question 46

clinical features of norovirus

Answer 46

common in adults profuse watery diarrhoea projectile vomiting colicky abdominal pain

Question 47

management of norovirus

Answer 47

self-limiting | contact precaution

Question 48

clinical features of rotavirus

Answer 48

common in kids watery diarrhoea vomiting

Question 49

management of rotavirus

Answer 49

self-limiting | contact precaution

Question 50

clinical features of cholera

Answer 50

severe diarrhoea - 'rice-water stools' | major fluid loss and shock

Question 51

management of cholera

Answer 51

vigorous rehydration electrolyte replacement ciprofloxacin