Gastroenteritis Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is acute gastritis?
stomach inflammation
presents with epigastric pain, discomfort and vomiting
What is enteritis?
inflammation of intestines
presents with abdominal pain and diarrhoea
What is gastroenteritis?
inflammation all the way from the stomach to the intestines
causes pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
What causes gastroenteritis?
viruses
How is E. coli spread and what symptoms does it cause?
spread through contact with infected faeces, unwashed salad, and contaminated water
causes abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhoea, and vomiting
What is campylobacter jejuni? What type of bacteria is it? How is it spread?
common cause of travellers diarrhoea
gram negative curved bacteria
spread by raw or improperly cooked poultry, untreated water, unpasteurised milk
What antibiotics are used to treat campylobacter jejuni? And who is offered antibiotics?
1st line = clarithromycin
2nd line = azithromycin + ciprofloxacin
offered to patients with severe symptoms, and/or HIV, or heart failure.
What symptoms does campylobacter jejuni cause?
abdominal cramps
diarrhoea
vomiting
fever
How is shigella spread and what symptoms does it cause?
spread via faeces (either person to person or through contaminated drinking water of food)
symptoms resolve within 1 week -> bloody diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, fever
How is shigella treated?
severe cases are treated with azithromycin or ciprofloxacin
How is salmonella spread and what symptoms does it cause?
spread by eating raw eggs or poultry or food contaminated with infected faeces of small animals
symptoms -> watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting
What antibiotic is used to treat salmonella in severe cases?
ciprofloxacin
What type of bacteria is bacillus cereus? How is it spread?
gram positive rod
spread through contaminated cooked food (grows on food not immediately refrigerated after cooking rice or pasta)
What are the symptoms of bacillus cereus?
abdominal cramping and vomiting within 5 hours of ingesting
watery diarrhoea >8 hours later
symptoms resolve within 24 hours
What is the most common cause of infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users?
staphylococcus aureus
What type of bacteria is yersinia enterocolitica?
gram negative bacillus
How is yersinia enterocolitica spread?
through raw or undercooked pork
or contact with infected humans
How does yersinia enterocolitica infection present in children and in adults?
in children - watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, 4-7 days incubation, can last 3 weeks
in adults - right sided abdominal pain due to mesenteric lymphadenitis, fever, presents like appendicitis
How are staphylococcal enterotoxins spread and what symptoms do they cause?
grow on eggs, dairy, meat
causes abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, fever, vomiting
last 12- 24 hours
Where is giardiasis found and how is it spread? What symptoms does it cause?
lives in small intestine of mammals
faecal-oral transmission
asymptomatic/ chronic diarrhoea
How is giardiasis diagnosed? And how is it treated?
diagnosis - stool testing
treatment - tinidazole / metronidazole
Is food poisoning a notifiable disease?
yes
How long should patients stay off school or work for with food poisoning?
48 hours once symptoms have resolved
How does c. diff spread? What increases the risk of infection?
via ingestion of spores
risk increased by repeated use of antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole), and healthcare settings
