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Gastroenteritis and Food Poisoning (FA) Flashcards

(99 cards)

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1
Q

What is the incubation period of Campylobacter?

A

3-10 days

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2
Q

That is the mechanism of Campylobacter?

A

Inflammation of the colon

may spread to blood

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3
Q

How does Campylobacter spread?

A

Farm animals

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of Campylobacter?

A

Bloody diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Self-liiting

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5
Q

How do you treat Campylobacter?

A

Usually none

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6
Q

How do you treat Campylobacter if there are co-morbidities or other indications?

A

(Macrolide) Erythromycin / Ciprofloxacin

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7
Q

What are the buzzwords for Campylobacter?

A

Bloody diarrhoea
Farm animals
Chicken
Poultry

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8
Q

What is the incubation ntiem of salmonella enteric?

A

12-48 hours

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of Salmonella enteric?

A

inflame ileum and colon
Mucosal damage
Decreased fluid absorption

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of Salmonella enteric?

A

Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Self-limiting

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11
Q

How do you treat Salmonella?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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12
Q

What are the buzzwords for Salmonella?

A

Farm animals

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13
Q

How do you type Salmonella?

A

According to the O-antigen

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of shigella?

A

Blood and pus in stool
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea

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15
Q

How does Shigella sonni spread?

A

Human to human

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of Shigella sonni?

A

Mucosa inflammation

Self-limiting

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17
Q

What is the incubation period of Shigella?

A

1-9 days

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18
Q

What are the buzzwords for Shigella?

A

Children
Outbreak
Pus and blood in stool

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19
Q

Who gets E-coli?

A

Young children and elderly

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of E. coli?

A

Verotoxin binds to receptors on RBC and renal cells
Inhibit protein synthesis
Causes cell death

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21
Q

How does e. coli spread?

A

Cattle and infected water supplies

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of E. coli?

A

Abdominal pain
Bloody diarrhoea
HUS

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23
Q

What is HUS?

A

Haemolytic uraemia syndrome

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24
Q

How do you test for HUS?

A

Fever and blood test

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25
How do you treat E. coli?
No treatment
26
What are the buzzwords for E. coli?
Cattle HUS Verotoxin
27
What causes typhoid/paratyphoid?
Salmonella typhi
28
Where is the body can be a chronic carrier of typhoon?
Gall bladder
29
Which distant sites are affected by tyhoiid?
Bone
30
What is the incubation time of typhoid?
2-3 weeks
31
What is the mechanism of typhoid?
Invades lumen enter blood and lymphatic Invade Peyer's patches
32
How does typhoid spread?
Human spread only
33
What are the symptoms of typhoid?
``` Typhoid fever Rose spots Diarrhoea after 3 weeks Abdominal pain Rigor ```
34
How do you diagnose typhoid?
Stool test | Blood test
35
How do you treat typhoid?
Antibiotics-sensitivity test Azithromycin Vaccine available
36
What are the buzzwords for typhoid?
Travel Fever No diarrhoea Rose spots
37
What is the shape of vibrio cholerae?
Comma bacillus
38
What is the mechanism of cholera?
Exotoxin | Out during of Is cells --> watery diarrhoea
39
What are the symptoms of cholera?
Rice water stool
40
How do you treat cholera?
Maintain electrolyte balance
41
What are the buzzwords for cholera?
War zone | Rice water diarrhoea
42
Is the incubation period for Staph aureus short of long?
Short
43
What his the mechanism of Staph aureus?
Enters stomach, vagus nerve and vomiting centre
44
What are the symptoms of Staph aureus?
Vomiting
45
What are the buzzwords for Staph aureus?
Vomiting bakery shrot onset
46
What kind of bacterium is Clostridium perfringes?
Gram negative
47
C. perfringes produces?
Spores
48
What is the mechanism of Clostridium perfringes?
Ingest spores | Spores survive cooking
49
What are the buzzwords for C. perfringes?
Meat
50
What kind of bacterium is C. diff?
Anaerobic gram positive
51
What are the 4 C's of antibiotics that kill all other bacteria letting C. diff thrive?
Clindamyin Co-amoxiclav Cephalosporins Ciprofloxacin
52
What are the risk factors for C. diff?
Immunocompromised PPI Recurrent CDI (Clostridium difficile infection)
53
How do you treat non severe C. diff?
Metronidazole PO 400mg tds (10 days)
54
How do you treat severe C. diff?
Vancomycin 125mg qds PO/NG (10 days) | +/- IV Metronidazole
55
What does Bacillus cereus produce?
Exotoxin
56
What kind of bacterium is bacillus cereus?
Gram positive aerobe
57
What is the mechanism of bacillus cereus?
Spores survive cooking
58
What are the buzzwords for B. cereus?
Reheated rice
59
What kind of parasite is Cryptosporidium?
Protozoa
60
What is Cryptosporidium associated with?
Animals and swimming pools
61
What is the mechanism of Cryptosporidium?
Cysts ingested, hatch and invade mucosa lining | Small bowel
62
What colour does Cryptosporidium have on microscopy?
Red
63
What are the symptoms of Cryptosporidium?
Worse in HIV | Self-limiting
64
What are the buzzwords for Cryptosporidium?
Swimming pools Animal contact Shit for britain
65
Giardia lambilia is an example of a?
Parasite
66
What is the mechansim of Giardia lambilia?
Cysts ingested | Invade upper GI
67
How does Giardia spread?
Contaminated water
68
What are the symptoms of Giardia?
``` Diarrhoea Malabsorption Anorexia Flatulence Fatty stool ```
69
How do you treat Giardia lambilia?
Metronidazole
70
What are the buzzwords for Giardia lambilia?
Water supply Fatty stool Anorexia Happy face protozoa
71
What are enterobius vermicularis?
Thread worms
72
What is the mechanism of thread worms?
Eggs laid on perianus | Itched and ingested
73
What are the symptoms of threadworms?
Worms in stool
74
What are the buzzwords for Enterobius vermicularis (threadworms)?
Child | Itchy bum
75
What is the mechansim of Amoebiasis?
Amoebic cyst gobbles up red cels
76
Wich part of the body is affected by Amoebiasis?
Large bowel
77
Amoebiasis form?
Cysts
78
What are the symptoms of Amoebiasis?
Bloody diarrhoea Bacteraemia Liver abscess
79
What are the buzzwords for Amoebiasis?
Salad Abroad Bloody diarrhoea
80
Is the incubation period for norovirus short of long?
Short
81
How contagious is norovirus?
Very
82
How does norovirus spread?
Faecal to oral | Waterborn
83
What are the symptoms of norovirus?
Nausea Vomiting Diarrhoea Cramps
84
How do you manage norovirus?
Self-limiting | Hydration
85
What most commonly causes gastroenteritis in children under 3?
Rotavirus
86
How does rotavirus spread?
Faecal oral
87
What is the seasonality of rota and norovirus?
Winter
88
What are the symptoms of rotavirus?
Mild watery to profuse diarrhoea Shock May have moderate fever first, then diarrhoea Not bloody
89
How do you manage rotavirus?
Self-limiting | Lasts a week
90
What is the incubation period of Staph aureus and Bacillus cereus?
1-6 hours
91
What is incubation period of Salmonella and E. coli?
12-48 hours
92
Wha tis the incubation period of Shigella and Campylobacter?
48-72 hrs
93
What is incubation period of Giardiasis and Amoebiasis?
> 7 days
94
What is the incubation period of Cholera?
1-9 days
95
How do you treat Campylobacter if systemic features`
Erythromycin or ciprofloxacin
96
How do you treat salmonella if systemic features?
Ciprofloxacin
97
How do you treat Giardiasis?
PO metronidazole
98
How do you treat enterobius vermicularis?
PO mebendazole
99
How do you treat Slamonella typhi, paratyphoid?
Ceftriaxone OR Azithromycin OR Ciprofloxacin

Gastrointestinal Conditions (JBR) (33 decks)

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