Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Conditions (JBR) > Hernias > Flashcards

Hernias Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Where do hiatus hernias occur?

A

At the gastro-oesophageal junction (part of the gastric cardia) above the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes hiatus hernias?

A

Diaphragmatic weakness an increased intra-abdominal pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the major risk factor for hiatus hernias?

A

obestiy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens during a hiatus hernia?

A

Proximal stomach perforates through the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of hiatus hernias?

A

Sliding

Rolling (para-oesophageal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between a sliding and rolling hiatus hernia?

A

Sliding - LOS moves superiorly

Rolling - LOS stays in same position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do hiatus hernias present?

A

Reflux, reflux oesophagitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can you investigate a possible hiatus hernia?

A

CXR
Barium swallow
Endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you manage a hiatus hernia?

A 
Avoid triggers 
Elevate head of bed to reduce reflux at night 
Weight loss
Smaller peals
PPIs
Surgery for specific patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a hernia?

A

Abnormal protrusion of a viscus (internal body organ) outwit its normal body cavity (very common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a hernia consist of?

A

A sac (peritoneum)
Cover of the sac
Contents (bowel, momentum, fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are natural abdominal wall hernias?

A 
Inguinal
Femoral
Umbilical
Oesophageal Hiatus
Obturator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are weak areas where hernias develop?

A

Incisional
Para-stomal
Epigastric
Para-umbilical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main risk factor for hernias?

A

Increased intra-abdominal pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are sources of increased intra-abdominal pressure?

A 
Heavy lifting
Coughing
Constipation
Prostation (BPH)
Pregnancy
Obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens during a hernia?

A

Section of bowel passes through a weak point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two types of hernias?

A

Reducible

iressducible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Irreducible hernias can become obstructed leading to?

A

Strangulation or incarceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is strangulation?

A

Compromise of blood supply; venous then arterial –> gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are risk factors for incisional hernias?

A 
Age
Obesity
Debility
Post-op wound infection or haematoma
Increased abdominal pressure 
Steroids
Type of infeciton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are predisposing factors for epigastric hernias?

A

Congenital weakness in linea alba

Male > female (usually late teens/early adult)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are symptoms/features of epigastric hernias?

A

Usually asymptomatic or local symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do you treat epigastric hernias?

A

Suture/mesh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Congenital umbilical hernias are meant to resolve before the age of _____ otherwise operate

A

3-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Paediatric hernias are more common in?
Males, preterm/LBW infants
26
Paediatric hernias occur most common on the _____ side
right
27
Paediatric hernias are almost alway _____
indirect
28
How do paediatric hernias typically present
Groin swelling on crying - may be difficult to elicit on examination
29
What is the silk sign of paediatric hernias?
Rubbing two layers against each other feels like 2 pieces of silk
30
How do you treat paediatric hernias?
Urgent surgical repair - increased strangulation risk < 1 year old
31
What is the anterior border of the femoral canal?
Inguinal ligament
32
What is the posterior border of the femoral canal?
Pectinate ligament
33
What is the lateral border of the femoral canal?
Femoral vein
34
What is the medial border of the femoral canal?
Lancunar ligament
35
Where are femoral hernias usually located?
Below and lateral to the pubic tubercle
36
What usually happens to the groin crease when there is a femoral hernia?
Usually fall tens
37
Femoral hernias occur more in?
Women
38
What % of femoral hernias are surgical emergencies?
50
39
What makes a femoral hernia a surgical emergency; if it is..?
Irreducible Strangualtion Obstruction
40
How do you treat femoral hernias?
Gentle reduction under analgesia | Operative repair under resus (inguinal ligament is sutured to pectineal ligament)
41
To find inguinal hernias you need to examine the patient..?
Upright
42
If the hernia extends to the scrotum it is probably?
Indirect
43
An inguinal hernia is usually above and medial to the?
Pubic tubercle
44
An indirect inguinal hernia is a bulge straight through the?
Deep inguinal rign
45
An indirect inguinal hernia is lateral to`
Inferior epigastric vessels and outwith the cord
46
An indirect inguinal hernia may reach the?
Scrotum
47
Indirect inguinal hernias are more common in?
Men
48
What is the diagnostic feature differentiating direct and indirect inguinal hernias?
Indirect - can be controlled by digital pressure over inguinal ring (press and ask to cough - should stay in) Direct - can't
49
Congenital inguinal hernias are always?
Indirect
50
Direct inguinal hernias go straight through the?
Transversalis fascia in the posterior wall
51
The posterior bulge through the transversals fascia is medial to the _____ and is often?
Inferior epigastric | Bilateral
52
Direct inguinal hernias are more common in?
Older men
53
Direct inguinal hernias never go through to the?
Scrotum
54
What is the processus vaginalis?
Outpouching of peritoneum attached to testicel left behind as it descends
55
If the obliteratetion of the processus vaginalis fails an _____ hernia occurs
Inguinal
56
How do you treat a hernia?
Operate if risk of complications, previous symptoms of obstruction, interfering with lifestyle
57
What are complications of inguinal hernias?
``` Haematoma Acute urinary retention Wound infection Chronic neurogenic pain Recurrence Numbness Testicular atrophy/ischaemic orchitis ```
58
What is a herniotomy?
Excise peritoneal sac - congenital hernias
59
What is a herniorrhaphy?
Wall defect reapir
60
The Liechtenstein method/open hernia repair can be done under?
Spinal or local
61
Open hernia repairs have a higher rate of?
Infection
62
Laprascopic hernia repairs have the advantages of? Disadvantages?
Less pain Faster recovery Needs GA Longer learning curve for surgeons
63
The inguinal canal is between the?
Deep and superficial ring
64
The deep ring is at the?
Mid-inguinal point
65
The superficial ring is where?
Above and medial to the pubic tubercle
66
What is anterior to the inguinal canal?
External oblique aponeurosis
67
What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal and Lacunar ligament
68
What makes up the roof of the inguinal ligament?
Conjoint tendon coming over
69
What is posterior to the inguinal ligament?
Transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon (med)
70
What makes up Hasselbach's triangle?
Inguinal ligament inferiorly Inferior epigastric vessels laterally Lateral border of rectus sheath medially
71
How do you investigate a hernia?
Assess standing and sitting Ask them to cough Is lump reducible?
72
What is the position of inguinal hernias?
Originate above and lateral to pubic tubercle
73
What is the position of a femoral hernia?
Originate below and lateral to the pubic tubercle
74
What is incarceration of a hernia?
Contents of the hernia become trapped in the weak point in the abdominal wall which can obstruct the bowel leading to severe pain, nausea, vomiting, and the inability to pass bowels or gas
75
An incarcerated hernia can cut off blood flow to part of the bowel; this is known as?
Strangulation
76
How does a hernia usually present?
As a lump which is worst on coughing, disappears on lying down and can be pushed back in

Gastrointestinal Conditions (JBR) (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions