Gastroenterolgoy

Question 1

What part of the GI system deals with iron and b12

Answer 1

Duodenum

Question 2

What part of gi system deals with folate?

Answer 2

Jejunum

Question 3

What part of the GI system deals with water?

Answer 3

Large intestine

Question 4

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 4

Production of enzymes to digest food

Production of insulin

Question 5

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 5

Concentration and storage of bile

Fat digestion do and a absorption

Question 6

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 6

Metabolism of nutrients and toxins
Production of bile
Protein synthesis

Question 7

What are GI symptoms?

Answer 7

Pain
Dysphagia
Dysepsia

Question 8

What are GI investigations?

Answer 8

Upper GI tract- endoscopy
Lower GI tract- sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy
Radiographs
Ultrasound
MRI

Question 9

Treatment for upper GI disorders re. Acid suppression

Answer 9

Antacids- aluminium hydroxide, calcium carbonate

Gastric acid reduction- h2 blockers- ranitidine, cimetidine

Proton pump inhibitors- omeprazole, lansoprazole

Question 10

Treatment for upper GI disorders re. Anti emetics

Answer 10

Dopamine antagonists- domperidone, metoclopramide

Anti- histamines- cyclazine

Serotonin antagonist- ondansetron

Question 11

What is GORD?

Answer 11

Gastro oesophageal reflux disorder

Excess acid at lower oesophageal sphincter

• loss of tone
• delayed gastric emptying

Question 12

What is GORD associated with ?

Answer 12

Obesity
Lying flat
Fatty foods
Smoking

Question 13

What are symptoms of GORD?

Answer 13

Heartburn

Question 14

How is GORD diagnosed?

Answer 14

Endoscopy

Question 15

Was is the treatment for GORD.

Answer 15

Change to lifestyle

Drugs- antacids, ppis

Question 16

What is peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 16

Gastric
Duodenal
Caused by helicobacter pylori
NSAIDs

Question 17

What are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 17

Epigastric pain
Dyspepsia
Vomitting
Anorexia

Question 18

What is tx for peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 18

Endoscopy
Acid suppression
Antibiotics re. Helicobacter

Question 19

What is a hiatus hernia?

Answer 19

A structural abnormality of the stomach
May cause heartburn
Requires meds or surgery

Question 20

What are dental aspects of upper GI disorders?

Answer 20

Caution with NSAIDS
oral ulceration with chronic blood loss
NCTSL- re. Acid reflux

Question 21

What are some lower GI tract disorders?

Answer 21

Coeliac disease
Inflammatory bowel disease- crohns, ulcerative colitis
Diverticulitis

Question 22

What’s are symptoms of coeliac disease?

Answer 22

Malabsorption:
Malaise
Diarrhoea
Weight loss
Iron and folate deficiency
Protein deficiency

Question 23

How is coeliacs diagnosed?

Answer 23

Endoscopy

Antibodies TTGA

Question 24

What is treatment of coeliacs disease?

Answer 24

Gluten free diet

Osteoporosis prophylaxis

Question 25

What should concern dentist re. Coeliacs disease?

Answer 25

Oral features of malabsorption Bisphosphonates Choice of drug prep

Question 26

What are two inflammatory bowel diseases?

Answer 26

Crohn's disease | Ulcerative colitis

Question 27

What are symptoms of crohns?

Answer 27

Malabsorption Abdominal pain Bleeding Oral manefeststions

Question 28

What are symptoms of crohns and ulcerative colitis?

Answer 28

``` Bloody diarrhoea Abdominal pain Autoimmune arthritis Skin lesions Auto immune hepatitis Dvt and pe Ocular inflammation Cancer- long term complication ```

Question 29

What are treatments for inflammatory bowel disease ?

Answer 29

5 aminosalicylic preps Corticosteroids Immunosuppressants Biologics- anti Tnf agents

Question 30

What are treatment for inflammatory bowel syndromes

Answer 30

Surgery - colectomy- uc, sections of bowels removed- crohns Abscess drainage Parented so nutrition and diet Antibiotics

Question 31

What is diverticulitis?

Answer 31

Lower GI tract disorder | Pouches or pockets on colon

Question 32

What are common symptoms of functional GI disease?

Answer 32

Oesophageal- lump in throat Gastric- dyspepsia IBS- cramps, wind etc.

Question 33

Treatment for functional gi disease

Answer 33

Fibre Antispasmodics Amytriptiline

Question 34

What are causes of liver disease?

Answer 34

``` Alcohol Hepatitis viruses Iron overload- haemachromatosis Drugs Autoimmune Diabetes ```

Question 35

Clinical features of liver, pancreas and biliary tract disease

Answer 35

Jaundice Ascites- fluid in abdominal cavity Telangiectasia- widened blood vessels Renal failure

Question 36

Clinical features of acute liver disease

Answer 36

Encephalopathy- confusion, impaired consciousness Variceal haemorrhage- life threatening upper GI bleeding Coagulopathy Prone to infections

Question 37

What are dental aspects re. Liver pancreas and biliary disease?m

Answer 37

Coagulopathy and reduced platelets- increase bleeding risk Underlying infections- hepatitis Be aware of effect of immunosuppressant if liver transplant

Question 38

What GI disorders may cause dental erosion?

Answer 38

GORD | bulimia

Question 39

What are patient with GI cancers more at risk of?

Answer 39

Oral cancers

Question 40

What are oral manefeststions of Crohn's disease?

Answer 40

``` Ulcers Facial swellings Labial swelling Cobblestone mucosa Mucosal tags Angular chelitis ```

Question 41

What part of the GI system deals with alcohol and water

Answer 41

Stomach