Haematology

Question 1

What are plasma protein for?

Answer 1

Clotting
Transport
Immunity

Question 2

What else is in plasma?

Answer 2

Lipids
Nutrients 
Hormones
Electrolytes 
Water

Question 3

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 3

Transport of o2 and co2 via haemoglobin

Question 4

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 4

Immune system

Question 5

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 5

Clotting

Question 6

What blood tests can be carried out?

Answer 6

Full blood count
Blood film
Bone marrow
Coagulation

Question 7

What is measured in full blood count?

Answer 7

Number and size of each cells

Question 8

What does macrocyctic mean?

Answer 8

Cells too big

Question 9

What does microcyctic mean?

Answer 9

Cells too small

Question 10

What does leukocytosis mean?

Answer 10

Too many white cells

Question 11

What does leukopenia mean?

Answer 11

Too little white cells

Question 12

What is a differential count?

Answer 12

Numbers of particular types of white cells

Question 13

What does thrombocytopenia mean?

Answer 13

Too little platelets

Question 14

What does thrombocythaemia mean?

Answer 14

Too many platelets

Question 15

What is a blood film?

Answer 15

Blood examined under miscroscope

Question 16

Where is bone marrow sample taken from?

Answer 16

Iliac crest or sternum

Question 17

What does APPT mean?

Answer 17

Activated partial thromboplastin time

Question 18

What does PT mean?

Answer 18

Prothrombin time

Question 19

What is anaemia?

Answer 19

Haemoglobin deficiency

Question 20

What are causes of anaemia?

Answer 20

Lack of raw materials
Production problems
Longevity problems

Question 21

How long is a normal red cell in circulation?

Answer 21

120 days

Question 22

What raw materials are required for red cell production?

Answer 22

Iron
Vit b12
Folate

Question 23

What hormone is required for red cell production?

Answer 23

Erythropoietin

Question 24

Where are red cells produced?

Answer 24

Bone marrow

Question 25

What is pernicious anaemia?

Answer 25

Autoimmune disease | Affects absorption of Vit b12

Question 26

Where is erythropoietin produced?

Answer 26

Kidneys

Question 27

When is anemia due to loss from circulation?

Answer 27

Bowel Menstration Trauma

Question 28

What is haemolysis

Answer 28

Destruction of cells in circulation

Question 29

What can cause haemolysis ?

Answer 29

Autoimmunity Sickle cell Thalassaemia

Question 30

What does microcyctic suggest?

Answer 30

Iron deficiency

Question 31

What does macrocytic suggest?

Answer 31

B12 def, folate def, autoimmune

Question 32

What is neutropenia?

Answer 32

Auto immune Bone marrow failure White cell disorder

Question 33

What are clinical feature of neutropenia?

Answer 33

Candida Viral- herpes simplex Commensalism bacteria

Question 34

What are haematological malignancies?

Answer 34

Leukaemia | Lymphoma

Question 35

What is leukaemia?

Answer 35

Proliferation of immature cells in blood and bone marrow

Question 36

What is lymphoma?

Answer 36

Proliferation of cells within lymphoreticular system- nodes, liver, sleep, bone marrow

Question 37

What types of lymphoma are there?

Answer 37

Hodgkins | Non hodgkins

Question 38

What are treatments of haematological malignancies?

Answer 38

Transfusion Chemo Radiotherapy Bone marrow transplant

Question 39

What may present or dentist re. Haematological malignancies?

Answer 39

Atypical infections Bleeding Lymphadenopathy Gum infiltration

Question 40

What pathway deals with surface injuries?

Answer 40

Intrinsic pathway

Question 41

What pathway deals with vascular injury?

Answer 41

Extrinsic pathway

Question 42

What can cause platelet problems?

Answer 42

Deficiencies of Vit b12 and folate Bone marrow failure to produce platelets Immune mediated destruction

Question 43

What meds can cause platelet aggregation problems?

Answer 43

Aspirin Clopidogrel Dipyridamole

Question 44

What can cause coagulation cascade problems?

Answer 44

Protein deficiency Liver disease Malnutrition

Question 45

What are congenital conditions causing coagulation cascade problems?

Answer 45

Haemophilia | Von willebrands

Question 46

What drugs can cause coagulation cascade problems?

Answer 46

Warfarin Heparin New agents

Question 47

What clotting factors are absent re. Haem a?

Answer 47

Vlll

Question 48

What clotting factors are absent re. Haem b?

Answer 48

lx

Question 49

What factor is poor in von willebrands?

Answer 49

Vlll

Question 50

What are functions of the blood?

Answer 50

Transport Immune system Coagulation