Gastroenterology

Question 1

Fuzapladib sodium hydrate * prevents extravasation of neutrophils into pancreatic tissue* inhibits IL-6 synthesis* inhibits trypsinogen secretion* inhibits NF-κB activation

Answer 1

prevents extravasation of neutrophils into pancreatic tissue## Footnotefazapladib is an LFA-1 inhibitor. Neutrophil extravasation into the tissues is dependent on rolling, activation, adhesion, and migration of neutrophils from the capillaries. Leukocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1), which binds to immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) during vascular adhesion, plays an important role in the recruitment of neutrophils to the pancreas and other tissues, CXCL2 formation, and subsequent tissue injury

Question 2

Which antibody is not used for immunohistochemistry revealing of B lymphocytes ?* CD20 * CD79a * Granzyme B* Paired box gene 5 (Pax5)

Answer 2

Granzyme B## Footnotecluster of differentiation (CD)3 forT- lymphocytes,CD20 for B-lymphocytesCD79a for B-lymphocytesB lymphocyte antigen 36 (BLA.36) for B-lymphocytespaired box gene 5 (Pax5) for B-lymphocytesmacrophage marker antibody 387 (MAC387) for macrophagesgranzyme B to detect natural killer (NK) cells

Question 3

Kupfer cells represents* 10% of total macrophages present in the liver* 40% of total macrophages present in the liver* 80% of total macrophages present in the liver* 100% of total macrophages present in the liver

Answer 3

80% of total macrophages present in the liver

Question 4

Kupfer cells represents* 5% of non parenchymal cells in the liver* 10% of non parenchymal cells in the liver* 35% of non parenchymal cells in the liver* 70% of non parenchymal cells in the liver

Answer 4

35% of non parenchymal cells in the liver

Question 5

Kupfer cells mainly reside within the lumen of hepatic sinusoid and adherent to endothelial cells by long cytoplasmic processes. They are more numerous :* in the portal area* in the centrallobular area* in the perivenous area

Answer 5

in the portal area## FootnoteWhere they offer first-line defense against pathogens

Question 6

Lipoteichoic acid is associated with:* Gram - bacteria* Gram + bacteria

Answer 6

Gram + bacteria## FootnoteWhile LPS is associated with Gram - bacteria

Question 7

Using FISH in cats with cholangitis, bacteria are less frequently identified:* in portal vessels* in venous sinusoids* in parenchyma* in bile duct

Answer 7

in bile duct## Footnote1/13 cats only, Twedt JFMS 2014

Question 8

In cats, choleliths are more frequently composed of:* calcium carbonate* cholesterol* calcium bilirubinate* bilirubin

Answer 8

calcium carbonate

Question 9

In dogs, the less frequently found choleliths are composed of:* calcium bilirubinate* calcium carbonate* bilirubin* bilirubin and cholesterol

Answer 9

calcium carbonate