gastroenterology

Question 1

What are the clinical features of portal hypertension?

Answer 1

Caput medusae
Elevated JVP - hepatojugular reflux
Ascites
Splenomegaly
Oesophageal varices - haemetemesis / melaena
Haemorrhoids / anorectal varices
Encephalopathy

Signs of liver failure
Jaundice, gynaecomastia and hypogonadism, palmar erythema, spider naevi

Question 2

What are the causes of hepatosplenomegaly?

Answer 2

chronic liver disease + portal HTN
myeloproliferative diseases
infection - EBV, CMV
connective tissue disease - SLE, RA
infiltrative disease - amyloidosis, sarcoidosis
acromegaly
thyrotoxicosis