gastroentritis

Question 1

gastroentritis definition

Answer 1

diarreah or vommit + other symptoms
SI origin- noninflammatory (entrotoxin or superficial invasion)
colonic origin- inflammatory (invasion, cytotoxin)
penetration (cytotoxin)

Question 2

Gastroenteritis transmission

Answer 2

fecal- oral
food
water
animals

Question 3

Gastroenteritis host factors

Answer 3

hygiene
PH (lower the better)
Normal flora
Motility

Question 4

gastroentritis pathogen factors

Answer 4

enviromental survival (norovirus and ships)
Quantity of inoculum to cause disease
Attack rate (how infectious)
carrier (salmonela) / illment

Question 5

noniflammatory gastroentritis (location, illness, stool)

Answer 5

small intestine
watery diarrhea
low/ mild lactoferrin (expressed by activated neutriphils) + no fecal leukocytes

Question 6

noniflammatory gastroentritis pathogens

Answer 6

clostridium perfringens
bacillus cereus
s.aureus

Question 7

inflammatory gastroentritis (location, illness, stool)

Answer 7

colon
dysentery
fecal leukocytes (and maybe blood) + high lactoferrin

Question 8

inflammatory gastroentritis pathogens

Answer 8

bacteria:
shigella
salmonella
E.coli
clostridium difficile 
campylobacter jejuni

viruses:
norovirus
rotavirus
adenovirus
astrovirus

protozoa:
giardia
cryptosporidium
ameba

Question 9

penetrating gastroentritis (location, illness, stool)

Answer 9

distal small bowel
enteric fever (no diarrhea)
facal mononuclear leukocytes

Question 10

penetrating gastroentritis pathogen

Answer 10

salmonela typhimumurium

Question 11

preformed toxins (meaning and pathogens)

Answer 11

early onset of diarrhea
s.aureus
bacillus cereus (rice)
clostridium botulinum

Question 12

toxin in vivo production (meaning and pathogens)

Answer 12

delayed onset of diarrhea (toxins production after digestion)

c. perfringens
b. cereus
c. botulinium (infant botulism, honey)

Question 13

tissue invasion

Answer 13

invasion of tissue and production of toxins (cytotoxins)
campylobacter jejuni
invasive E.coli
salmonella
shigela

Question 14

Bacterial Food poisoning

Answer 14

fecal examination- not inflammatory (low lactofferin and no leukocytes)
common source
preformmed toxin
fast reaction (2h-)

Question 15

Bacterial Food poisoning Incubation period pathogens

Answer 15

1-6h (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
s.aureus
bacillus cereus

8-16h (cramps, diarrhea)
c.perfringens
bacillus cereus

16+ (dysentery)
vibrio choleara
shigella
more

Question 16

gastroentritis treatment

Answer 16

ampiric: 
liquids +antibiotics if needed (fever, acute diarrhea, etc.)
specific treatment:
c.jejuni- macrolides
salmonella & shigella- quinolons
c.difficile- metronidazole or vanco p/o