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Medicine > intestinal and stomach tumors > Flashcards

intestinal and stomach tumors Flashcards

1
Q

3 stromal tumors names

A

schwanomas
leionomas
fibromas

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2
Q

two types of bening stomach tumors

A

polyps,

stromal (mesenchymal)

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3
Q

hyperplasted pulp etiology

A

APC gene mutetion

chronic gastritis

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4
Q

which type of tumor apears at 20% of post gastrectomy due to carcinoma?

A

hyperplasted polyp

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5
Q

where do fundic gland polyps are located in most cases?

which type of cells do they contain?

A

fundus and body of stomach

parietal, cheif and foveolar mucus cells.

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6
Q

etiology of fundic gland polyps

A

sporadic

PPI usage

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7
Q

etiology of gastric adenocarcinoma

A

APC gene mutation

chronic gastritis

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8
Q

5 general characteristics of adenoma

A 
50-60's
variations between population
3:1 male to female
adenocarcinoma risk corralates eith polyp size
greater risk of cancer (30%)
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9
Q

2 histologycal caracteristics of adenoma

A

solitary antral lessions

dysplasia (low to high grade)

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10
Q

most prevalent malignant tumors of the stomach

A 
carcinoma 90-95%
lymphoma 
neuroendocrine
malignant stromal 
(from most prevalent to least)
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11
Q

etiology of gastric carcinoma

A 
malnutrition
smoking
socioeconomical status 
chronic inflammation with H.pylori
partial gastrectomy (reflux of bilious, alkaline intestinal fluid)
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12
Q

pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma?

A

mostly not inherited
familial: CDH1 gene mutation which encodes to E-cadherins
TP53 gene mutation

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13
Q

pathogenesis of Diffuse gastric cancer (carcinoma)

A

loss of E-cadherins

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14
Q

pathogenesis of intestinal gastric cancer (carcinoma)

A

GOF- wat pathway
LOF- APC gene
GOF- beta catenin gene

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15
Q

favored location of gastric carcinoma

A

antropyloric, lesser curvature

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16
Q

passing of wich layer differentiate between early and advanced gastric carcinomas

A

submucosa

17
Q

morphological diffrences between Intestinal and Diffuse gastric carcinoma

A

papillary

single cells with vacules of mucuin- signet cells

18
Q

4 macroscopic growth patterns of gastric carcinomas

A

exophytic
flat
excavated
linitis plastica

19
Q

Advanced gastric carcinoma symptoms

A 
weight loss
abdominal pain
anorexia
vomitting
change in bowl habits
dysphagia
anemia
hemorrage
20
Q

Early gastric carcinoma symptoms

A

symptoms usually seen in Advanced carcinoma

21
Q

gastric carcinoma metastatic distribution

A

regional lymph nodes
virchovs lymph node (supraclavicular)
liver, lung @ peritoneum
krukenberg (ovaries lymph nodes)

22
Q

etiology of gastric lymphoma

A

chronic gastritis with H.pyloric establishment

23
Q

pathogenesis of gastric lymphoma

A

Translocation (11-18,14-18,1-14)

GoF of nk-fB (b cell growth and prolifration)

24
Q

morphology of gastric lymphoma

A

lymphoepithelial lesions- neoplastic lymphocyts infiltrate the lamina propria and epithel.

25
Q

favored abdominal location of neuroendocrine neoplasms

A

40% in small intestine

tracheobronchial tree and lungs

26
Q

etiology of neuroendocrine neoplasms

A

hyperplasia:

  • autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis
  • MEN-1
  • zollinger ellison syndrome
27
Q

pathgenesis of neuroendocrine neoplasms

A

intramural or submucosal small polypoid lessions

28
Q

histological apperance of neuroendocrine neoplasms

A

‘salt and paper’- granular basophilic cytoplasm, round nucleaus

29
Q

markers of neuroendocrine cells in immunohistochimical stains

A

chromograffin A

synaptophysin

30
Q

favored location of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

A

50% in stomach

31
Q

gastrointestinal stromal tumors cell’s origin? (GIST)

A

inetrstitial cells of cajal

32
Q

epidemiology of GIST

A

neurofibromatosis type 1
60’s of life
>10% in the 40’s

33
Q

pathogensis of GIST

A

80% KIT @PDGFRA genes

34
Q

morphology of GIST

A

solitay
well circumscribed
ulcerated or intact mucosa
very large (up to 30cm)

Medicine (17 decks)

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