intestinal and stomach tumors

Question 1

3 stromal tumors names

Answer 1

schwanomas
leionomas
fibromas

Question 2

two types of bening stomach tumors

Answer 2

polyps,

stromal (mesenchymal)

Question 3

hyperplasted pulp etiology

Answer 3

APC gene mutetion

chronic gastritis

Question 4

which type of tumor apears at 20% of post gastrectomy due to carcinoma?

Answer 4

hyperplasted polyp

Question 5

where do fundic gland polyps are located in most cases?

which type of cells do they contain?

Answer 5

fundus and body of stomach

parietal, cheif and foveolar mucus cells.

Question 6

etiology of fundic gland polyps

Answer 6

sporadic

PPI usage

Question 7

etiology of gastric adenocarcinoma

Answer 7

APC gene mutation

chronic gastritis

Question 8

5 general characteristics of adenoma

Answer 8

50-60's
variations between population
3:1 male to female
adenocarcinoma risk corralates eith polyp size
greater risk of cancer (30%)

Question 9

2 histologycal caracteristics of adenoma

Answer 9

solitary antral lessions

dysplasia (low to high grade)

Question 10

most prevalent malignant tumors of the stomach

Answer 10

carcinoma 90-95%
lymphoma 
neuroendocrine
malignant stromal 
(from most prevalent to least)

Question 11

etiology of gastric carcinoma

Answer 11

malnutrition
smoking
socioeconomical status 
chronic inflammation with H.pylori
partial gastrectomy (reflux of bilious, alkaline intestinal fluid)

Question 12

pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma?

Answer 12

mostly not inherited
familial: CDH1 gene mutation which encodes to E-cadherins
TP53 gene mutation

Question 13

pathogenesis of Diffuse gastric cancer (carcinoma)

Answer 13

loss of E-cadherins

Question 14

pathogenesis of intestinal gastric cancer (carcinoma)

Answer 14

GOF- wat pathway
LOF- APC gene
GOF- beta catenin gene

Question 15

favored location of gastric carcinoma

Answer 15

antropyloric, lesser curvature

Question 16

passing of wich layer differentiate between early and advanced gastric carcinomas

Answer 16

submucosa

Question 17

morphological diffrences between Intestinal and Diffuse gastric carcinoma

Answer 17

papillary

single cells with vacules of mucuin- signet cells

Question 18

4 macroscopic growth patterns of gastric carcinomas

Answer 18

exophytic
flat
excavated
linitis plastica

Question 19

Advanced gastric carcinoma symptoms

Answer 19

weight loss
abdominal pain
anorexia
vomitting
change in bowl habits
dysphagia
anemia
hemorrage

Question 20

Early gastric carcinoma symptoms

Answer 20

symptoms usually seen in Advanced carcinoma

Question 21

gastric carcinoma metastatic distribution

Answer 21

regional lymph nodes
virchovs lymph node (supraclavicular)
liver, lung @ peritoneum
krukenberg (ovaries lymph nodes)

Question 22

etiology of gastric lymphoma

Answer 22

chronic gastritis with H.pyloric establishment

Question 23

pathogenesis of gastric lymphoma

Answer 23

Translocation (11-18,14-18,1-14)

GoF of nk-fB (b cell growth and prolifration)

Question 24

morphology of gastric lymphoma

Answer 24

lymphoepithelial lesions- neoplastic lymphocyts infiltrate the lamina propria and epithel.

Question 25

favored abdominal location of neuroendocrine neoplasms

Answer 25

40% in small intestine | tracheobronchial tree and lungs

Question 26

etiology of neuroendocrine neoplasms

Answer 26

hyperplasia: - autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis - MEN-1 - zollinger ellison syndrome

Question 27

pathgenesis of neuroendocrine neoplasms

Answer 27

intramural or submucosal small polypoid lessions

Question 28

histological apperance of neuroendocrine neoplasms

Answer 28

'salt and paper'- granular basophilic cytoplasm, round nucleaus

Question 29

markers of neuroendocrine cells in immunohistochimical stains

Answer 29

chromograffin A | synaptophysin

Question 30

favored location of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

Answer 30

50% in stomach

Question 31

gastrointestinal stromal tumors cell's origin? (GIST)

Answer 31

inetrstitial cells of cajal

Question 32

epidemiology of GIST

Answer 32

neurofibromatosis type 1 60's of life >10% in the 40's

Question 33

pathogensis of GIST

Answer 33

80% KIT @PDGFRA genes

Question 34

morphology of GIST

Answer 34

solitay well circumscribed ulcerated or intact mucosa very large (up to 30cm)