Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Parvo virus characteristics

Answer 1

Small
Nonenveloped
Single-stranded DNA virus
Replicates in the nucleus of rapidly dividing cells

Question 2

Half-life of material CPV-2 antibodies

Answer 2

10 days

Question 3

Neonates typically achieve an antibody titer of __-__% of the maternal antibody level

Answer 3

50-60%

Question 4

Clinical signs of parvo typically develop ____ days after exposure

Answer 4

4-10 days post infection

Question 5

Fecal viral shedding can be detected after ___ days post infection

Answer 5

4 days

Question 6

Severe neutropenia (is/is not) an indicator of poor survival with Parvo

Answer 6

Is not

Question 7

T/F: TNF-alpha levels associated with mortality in parvo

Answer 7

True

Question 8

False negative fecal ELISA parvo test causes

Answer 8

Inadequate sample
Low levels of fecal antigen early in course of disease
Ab binding of CPV-2 Ag within GI tract
Dilutional effect of diarrhea

Question 9

T/F: Administration of recombinant feline interferon omega is associated with significantly decreased mortality rates in dogs with CPV-2 enteritis.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: Treatment with ostelamavir in patients with CPV-2 has not been associated with outcome, but has been associated with less weight loss in hospital and higher mean white blood cell count

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Dogs who have recovered from CPV have been shown to shed the virus for up to ___ days after infection

Answer 11

54 days!!!

Question 12

Parvovirus can exist in the environment for

Answer 12

1 year

Question 13

Clostridial enterotoxins are active/functional in what part of the GI tract

Answer 13

The colon - mucosal injury and secretory diarrhea

Question 14

Maropitant

Answer 14

Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
Binding of receptor results in inhibition of Substance P (which plays a role in the development of emesis)
Central and peripheral causes of vomiting

Question 15

Adverse effects of antibiotic therapy in dogs with gastroenteritis

Answer 15

Dysbiosis
Post-antibiotic Salmonellosis
Resistant bacteria
C. diff associated clinical signs

Question 16

T/F: Famotidine CRI is more effective than pantoprazole on increasing gastric pH

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Three broad categories of disease which are associated with GI bleeding

Answer 17

Diseases that result in ulcers
Diseases that result in coagulopathy
Diseases associated with vascular abnormalities

Question 18

The most common cause of GI hemorrhage in dogs and cats

Answer 18

Ulceration

Question 19

Most commonly reported risk factors for GI ulceration in dogs

Answer 19

NSAIDs
Hepatic disease

Question 20

Most commonly reported risk factors in cats for GI ulceration

Answer 20

Neoplasia –> systemic mastocytosis, gastrinoma, intestinal lymphoma, adenocarcinoma

Question 21

Factors that predispose patients to development of stress-induced ulceration

Answer 21

Hypovolemia
Hypoproalbuminemia
Surgery

Question 22

Most commonly reported coagulation defect resulting in GI hemorrhage

Answer 22

Thrombocytopenia

Question 23

Which clostridial enterotoxins may play a role in AHDS development

Answer 23

netE and netF

Question 24

Artifactual causes of black/tarry stool

Answer 24

Pep-Bismol
Metronidazole
Activated charcoal
Diets high in iron

Question 25

Chronic GI hemorrhage may result in

Answer 25

Microcytic, hypo chromic anemia Iron deficiency)

Question 26

Intraluminal gastric pH neutralization may slow GI hemorrhage by _____

Answer 26

Promoting mucosal homeostasis

Question 27

Regurgitation localizes disease to the ___ and ___

Answer 27

Esophagus +/- pharynx

Question 28

The canine esophagus is made up of mostly ___ muscle

Answer 28

Striated muscle

Question 29

The distal third of the cat esophagus is made up of ___ muscle

Answer 29

Smooth muscle

Question 30

The vomiting reflex is mediated by the vomiting center in the _____

Answer 30

Medulla

Question 31

The vomiting center also receives input from the brain (three parts)

Answer 31

Chemoreceptor trigger zone Vestibular system Cerebrum

Question 32

T/F: The chemoreceptor trigger zone lacks an intact BBB

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Most common form of IBD

Answer 33

Lymphocytic-plasmacytic

Question 34

Classifications of peritonitis

Answer 34

Septic vs. aseptic Focal vs. diffuse Acute vs. chronic Primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary

Question 35

Organsims most commonly isolated from patients with primary peritonitis (no identifiable source)

Answer 35

Gram positive

Question 36

What percentage of cats had primary peritonitis (i.e. sepsis from no obvious source)

Answer 36

14-23%

Question 37

Most common form of primary peritonitis in cats

Answer 37

FIP

Question 38

Dogs with tertiary septic peritonitis (i.e. septic peritonitis that recurred after surgical intervention) had a mortality rate of ____%

Answer 38

56%

Question 39

In cats, lactate levels at presentation and serially were/were not correlated with survival.

Answer 39

NOT

Question 40

What volume of fluid lavage of the abdomen needs to be performed prior to closure

Answer 40

200-300 mL/kg