Gastrointestinal diseases

Question 1

Gastroenteritis

Answer 1

Infection/ inflammation of the gastro-intestinal tract

Question 2

How are most microbes transmitted?

Answer 2

Oral/fecal route

Question 3

Cloriform

Answer 3

refers to lactose positive organisms transmitted oral/fecal route

Question 4

Digestive system

Answer 4

starts at the mouth and ends at the anus
heavily relies on enzymes and hormones to fuction

Question 5

what is Shigella species caused by?

Answer 5

gram negative noncloriform rod (lactose negative)
fermentive bacteria
no H2S or urease
nonmotile
closely related to E. coli

Question 6

indotoxin

Answer 6

bacteria has the toxin as part of its nature
when the bacteria is broken down, the toxin is released.

Question 7

exotoxin

Answer 7

a toxin released by a bacterial cell into its surroundings

Question 8

What bacteria is Typhoid fever caused by?

Answer 8

caused by Salmonella typhi

Question 9

What type of bacteria is Salmonella typhi?

Answer 9

gram negative. rod
H2S producer

Question 10

What is typhoid fever caused by?

Answer 10

Invasive infection from small intestine into blood stream

Question 11

What happens to the bacteria in this disease?

Answer 11

Bacteria multiply in phagocytes resulting in septicemia.

Question 12

What does typhoid fever cause?

Answer 12

Abdominal symptoms
fever
organ/ tissue damage

Question 13

How is typhoid fever transmitted? how is it prevented?

Answer 13

through food or water and can be prevented by proper sanitation.

Question 14

How is typhoid fever treated?

Answer 14

Broad spectrum antibiotics and proper sanitation

Question 15

What type of bacteria is C. salmonella species?

Answer 15

Gram negative. rod
H2S producer
noncoliform

Question 16

What does C. Salmonella cause?

Answer 16

“food poisoning” actually an infection

Question 17

Which organ is the target organ for C. salmonella to infect?

Answer 17

Small intestine

Question 18

what type of bacteria is D. Vibrio cholera caused by?

Answer 18

gram negative. curved rod

Question 19

How is D. Vibrio Cholera caused?

Answer 19

Causes disease by release of enterotoxin

Question 20

enterotoxin

Answer 20

exotoxin that is released by bacteria and affects the enteric system.

Question 21

E. coli (name )

Answer 21

Escherichia coli

Question 22

What type of bacteria is E. coli?

Answer 22

gram negative coliform
most strains are motile
common as normal flora

Question 23

Types of E.coli infection

Answer 23

vary depending on the presence and type of exotoxins
some cases cause mild diarrhea and nausea to more serious diarrhea.

Question 24

shiga-like toxins

Answer 24

result in hemorrhagic and invasive types of disease.
can cause HUS ( Hemolytic uremic syndrome)
is the lead cause of urinary tract infections

Question 25

Additional bacterial infections

Answer 25

streptococcus mutans Helicobacter pylori

Question 26

What is Streptococcus mutans?

Answer 26

Major contributor to dental plaque causes gum disease and dental caries

Question 27

what is Helicobacter pylori?

Answer 27

Curved rod. special requirements to reduce oxygen can tolerate acidic conditions of stomach causes peptic ulcers

Question 28

Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

Answer 28

Aerobic rod. normal flora

Question 29

What does C. diff cause?

Answer 29

antiboitic- associated enterocolitis

Question 30

what does antibiotic-associated enterocolitis effect? why?

Answer 30

the large intestine from depletion of normal flora and selection for resistant C. diff

Question 31

Food poisoning

Answer 31

pre-formed toxins ingested

Question 32

What types of side effects can staph cause?

Answer 32

gastroenteritis (vomiting and diarrhea)

Question 33

What is C. botulism?

Answer 33

common soil organism potent neurotoxin causes paralysis

Question 34

paralysis

Answer 34

neurological symptoms

Question 35

mumps

Answer 35

disease of the salivary glands parotid glands - has effective vaccine

Question 36

Viral gastroenteritis

Answer 36

retrovirus "24-hour bug"

Question 37

what is Amebiasis caused by?

Answer 37

protozoan (amoeba) disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica

Question 38

Entamoeba histolytica life cycle

Answer 38

a. Trophozoite b. mature cyst c. excystment

Question 39

Giardiasis caused by:

Answer 39

Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) Glagellated protozoan

Question 40

What does G. lamblia infect?

Answer 40

the small intestine

Question 41

G. lamblia causes:

Answer 41

diarrhea abdom. pain flatulence muscular weakness

Question 42

Hookworm genus and species names

Answer 42

Nector americanus (roundworm)

Question 43

What is the definitive host of the hookworm?

Answer 43

humans

Question 44

Where do hookworms do their damage?

Answer 44

Damage to the walls of the intestines adult worms hook on and feed on the blood supply

Question 45

What can hookworm infection cause?

Answer 45

Severe intestinal distress

Question 46

Tapeworm: what two types of tapeworms are there

Answer 46

have both beef and pork tapeworms

Question 47

What is the name of the tapeworm associated with beef?

Answer 47

Taenia saginata

Question 48

What is the name of the tapeworm associated with pork?

Answer 48

Taenia solium

Question 49

Esophagus

Answer 49

muscular tube that connects the stomach and sphincter.

Question 50

What are some abnormalities?

Answer 50

Incomplete development of the esophagus