Pathology of the Gastrointestinal tract- Esophagus

Question 1

Esophagitis

Answer 1

reflux problem

Question 2

What are the typical symptoms of esophagitis?

Answer 2

Heartburn and dyspepsia

Question 3

What is reflux caused by?

Answer 3

dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) which allows for gastric acid reflux into the esophagus

Question 4

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Answer 4

Less common than reflux esophagitiis, second most common from chronic esophagitis.

Question 5

Esophagitis in children

Answer 5

children with this condition commonly complain about food getting stuck in their esophagus.

Question 6

Candida Esophagitis

Answer 6

most common form of inifectious esophagitis

Question 7

Symptoms of candida esophagitis

Answer 7

dysphagia and chest pain

Question 8

What would an endoscopy for a patient with candida show?

Answer 8

erythematous mucosa converted by white plaques that can be scraped away to reveal underlying ulcers.

Question 9

cytomegalovirus Esophagitis symptoms

Answer 9

dysphagia, nausea, and chest pain

Question 10

What is the best spot to take a biopsy from on someone with CMV?

Answer 10

From the ulcer where microscopic examination demonstrated typical ulcer debris.

Question 11

Neuroplasia

Answer 11

cancerous disease

Question 12

Precancerous lesions: Barrett Esophagus

Answer 12

occurs when the squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced by columnar, intestinal type epithelium with goblet cells

Question 13

Are benign neoplasms of the esophagus rare?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

Where do benign tumors occur?

Answer 14

in the submucosal and mesenchymal areas

Question 15

What are some other infrequent tumors of the esophagus?

Answer 15

squamous papilloma, inflammatory polyps, and granular cell tumors

Question 16

What are malignant tumors of the esophagus?

Answer 16

squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

Question 17

which esophageal carcinoma is the most common?

Answer 17

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 18

Stomach

Answer 18

J-shaped structure
2 sphincters: 1 to the esophagus, 1 to the intestines

Question 19

What does the smooth muscle layer of the stomach control?

Answer 19

the passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum

Question 20

Acute Gastritis, results from?

Answer 20

breakdown in the mucosa’s protective mucousbicarbonate barrier

Question 21

What does the breakdown in the protective mucousbicarbonate barrier lead to?

Answer 21

mucosal hemorrhage
erosion
ulceration

Question 22

helicobacter gastritis

Answer 22

common chronic inflammatory disorder of the stomach

Question 23

What is helicobacter gastritis caused by?

Answer 23

infection of H. pylori and less common, H. heilmannii

Question 24

Autoimmune gastritis is a form of ____

Answer 24

Atrophic gastritis

Question 25

important cells associated with Gastritis

Answer 25

cheif cells G cells pareital cells

Question 26

Autoantibodies to intrinsic factor

Answer 26

a glycoprotein that plays a role in vitamin B12 absorption, can lead to pernicious anemia

Question 27

What is pernicious anemia?

Answer 27

megaloblastic anemia resulting from decreased intrinsic factor mediated absorption of vitamin B12

Question 28

What does early gastric cancer refer to?

Answer 28

Invasive adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosa of submucosa

Question 29

What does advanced gastric cancer refer to?

Answer 29

invasive adenocarcinoma that has invaded into the muscularis propria or beyond.

Question 30

What are the neoblastic cells?

Answer 30

CD20+ CD5- CD10- bcl6- cyclin D1 sometimes CD43

Question 31

When does the small intestine develop?

Answer 31

during weeks 5-8 of embryonic development

Question 32

what happens during the development of the small intestine?

Answer 32

the distal stomach and the cloaca connect

Question 33

When does Meckel Diverticulum occur?

Answer 33

When there is persistent remnant of the vitelline duct next to the bowel wall

Question 34

celiac disease (CD)

Answer 34

genetic problem linked to environmental factors. individuals exposed to gluten develop an inflammatory response

Question 35

what can celiac disease lead to?

Answer 35

damage of the intestines

Question 36

Tropical sprue

Answer 36

acquired malabsorption syndrome seen in residents and tourists of tropical regions such are the caribbean, puerto rico, and central america.

Question 37

Symptoms of TS

Answer 37

diarrhea, bloating, weight loss, and abdominal cramping

Question 38

Peptic duodentitis- common relation

Answer 38

Patients with this disease often are indistinguishable from those with peptic ulcer disease

Question 39

Chron's disease -preferred sight

Answer 39

inflammatory bowel disease , preferred site is the terminal ileum.

Question 40

whipple disease

Answer 40

rare infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei, can affect the organ systems.