Gastrointestinal Disorder (Part 1)

Question 1

THE ORAL CAVITY is bounded by the

Answer 1

teeth, tongue, hard palate, and soft
palate

Question 2

first step of digestion:

Answer 2

Ingestion

Question 3

. MECHANICAL DIGESTION BEGINS WHEN

Answer 3

THE TEETH BREAK
DOWN INGESTED FOOD

Question 4

BEGINS THE PROCESS OF
CHEMICAL DIGESTION

Answer 4

SALIVA MOISTENS FOOD

Question 5

three pairs of salivary glands:

Answer 5

parotid,
sublingual, and submandibular

Question 6

(also called the
submaxillary gland)

Answer 6

submandibular

Question 7

e tongue manipulates the chewed food into a small mass called

Answer 7

a bolus,

Question 8

peristaltic waves move the bolus into the

Answer 8

stomach

Question 9

5 nerves in swallowing

Answer 9

5, 7, 9, 10, 12

Question 10

3 stages of Swallowing

Answer 10

Oral (voluntary)
Pharyngeal (Involuntary)
Esophageal (LES relaxed)

Question 11

Soft palate is elevated + retracted to prevent

Answer 11

nasopharingeal reflux

Question 12

a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting
tube from the mouth to the anus

Answer 12

THE GI TRACT

Question 13

solid organs of the digestive
system.

Answer 13

liver, pancreas, and
gallbladder a

Question 14

3 parts of the small intestines (in order)

Answer 14

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 15

large intestine includes the

Answer 15

appendix, cecum,
colon, and rectum.

Question 16

finger-shaped pouch attached to
the cecum.

Answer 16

e appendix

Question 17

Bacteria in your GI tract, also called

Answer 17

gut flora or
microbiome,

Question 18

*Parts of your _____________ and ______ also help. Working
together, nerves, hormones, bacteria, blood, and the
organs of your digestive system

Answer 18

nervous and circulatory

Question 19

amylase

Answer 19

Starch to sugar

Question 20

Protease

Answer 20

Proteins to Amino Acids

Question 21

Lipase

Answer 21

Lipids to fatty acids + glycerol

Question 22

nuclease

Answer 22

Nucleic acids to nucleotides

Question 23

pH of Gastric Acid

Answer 23

1.0-3.5

Question 24

mixing wave inside the stomach which force the
chyme toward and through the pyloric sphincter.

Answer 24

CHURNING MOTION

Question 25

protein that helps your intestines absorb vitamin B12

Answer 25

INTRINSIC FACTOR

Question 26

GASTRIC ACID ● is made of

Answer 26

f HCL, Potassium Cl, Sodium Cl

Question 27

from ingestion of food to terminal ileum how many hours?

Answer 27

4

Question 28

food to rectum? how many hours

Answer 28

12 hrs

Question 29

Exocrine cells secretes? (pancreas)

Answer 29

Buffers and Digestive enzymes

Question 30

Storage and concentration of bile

Answer 30

Gallbladder

Question 31

Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials

Answer 31

Large intestines

Question 32

Process of Digestion

Answer 32

Ingestion Propulsion Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion Absorption Defecation

Question 33

Cause of ORAL DYSBIOSIS

Answer 33

poor oral hygiene ● dietary habits ● Smoking ● gingival inflammation ● genetic difference

Question 34

cause stomach ulcers can migrate to your mouth and affects gum tissues.

Answer 34

*H. pylori bacteria

Question 35

type of yeast infection that develops inside your mouth and tongue.

Answer 35

OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS (ORAL THRUSH)

Question 36

Causes of OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS

Answer 36

Cancer - HIV/AIDS - Smoke/tobacco and alcohol - Antibiotics or corticosteroids, including inhaled corticosteroids - Medications that cause dry mouth

Question 37

Management of Oral thrush OAUT

Answer 37

Oral hygiene, Oral wash/ mouthwash ● Antibiotics/ antifungal medications (Fluconazole, Nystatin, Gentian violet) ● Use warm saltwater oral rinses. ● Take probiotics.

Question 38

Type of Dysphagia that has difficulty initiating swallowing

Answer 38

Orophrayngeal Dysphagia

Question 39

Type of Dysphagia that is not associated with anatomic abnormalities or injury

Answer 39

Functional dysphagia

Question 40

Type of Dysphagia that cause by neurodegenerative, motor neuron disease, damage to the CNS

Answer 40

Neuromuscular symptom complex

Question 41

Type of Dysphagia that has difficulty passing down the esophagus

Answer 41

Esophageal dysphagia

Question 42

Causes of Dysphagia SMG

Answer 42

stroke, head injury, or dementia. - mouth cancer or oesophageal cancer. - gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

Question 43

ESOPHAGEAL DISORDERS

Answer 43

GERD ● Motility disorders ● Esophagitis (infection, chemicals, pills) ● Neurological disorders ● Skeletal muscle disorders ● Varices ● Mallory-Weiss sy. ● Barrett's ● Tumors

Question 44

a rare disorder thath makes it difficult to swallow connecting to mouth and stomach (where LES does not relax)

Answer 44

Achalasia Cardia

Question 45

Causes of Achalasia Cardia

Answer 45

Smooth muscle diseases (scleroderma). ● Intrinsic nervous system

Question 46

(scleroderma)

Answer 46

Smooth muscle diseases

Question 47

Cause of Chagas Disease (infection)

Answer 47

Tripanosoma Cruzi infection

Question 48

Burning retrosternal pain radiating upward due to exposure of the oesophagus to acid.

Answer 48

HEARTBURN: OESOPHAGITIS

Question 49

Oesophagitis: Endoscopically demonstrated damage to the?

Answer 49

to the oesophageal mucosa.

Question 50

a tear or laceration of the mucous membrane, most commonly at the point where the esophagus and the stomach meet

Answer 50

MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME

Question 51

esophagus and the stomach meet

Answer 51

(gastroesophageal junction).

Question 52

Cause and result of MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME

Answer 52

incomplete teas that affects mucosa and submucosa that results to HEMATEMESIS

Question 53

LES Opened causes damage to esophagus

Answer 53

BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS

Question 54

SYMPTOMS: ● Heartburn ● Chest pain ● Throat pain ● Nausea ● Halitosis ● Burning sensations ● Bad taste in the mouth

Answer 54

GASTROESOPHAGEAL RENAX DISORDER (GERD)

Question 55

Protective measures can be taken in order to prevent (GERD)

Answer 55

enamel erosion

Question 56

Protective measures can be taken in order to prevent enamel erosion, including (GERD) PFM

Answer 56

Prescription oral rinses ● Fluoride treatments ● More frequent dental hygiene visits

Question 57

A Ring and B ring

Answer 57

A ring - Muscular Ring B ring - Schatzki ring

Question 58

proximal or distal ● congenital or secondary to GERD

Answer 58

SCHATZKI'S RING

Question 59

upper E web ● dysphagia Iron def

Answer 59

PLUMMER VINSON SYNDROME

Question 60

SYMPTOMS IF DIAMETER (RINGS AND WEB)

Answer 60

< 13 MM

Question 61

intermittent dysphagia for solid food ● sudden:

Answer 61

"steak house syndrome"

Question 62

CAUSES: ● H. Pylori ● NSAIDS ● Mental stress ● Smoking ● Alcohol ● Genetics

Answer 62

PEPTIC ULCERS

Question 63

enlarged veins in the tube that connects the throat and stomach

Answer 63

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

Question 64

Watchout for signs/symptoms of (for esophageal varices)

Answer 64

BLEEDING Varices

Question 65

what are the 6 salivary glands

Answer 65

two parotid glands, two submandibular glands, and two sublingual glands.

Question 66

Bile contributes to digestion by

Answer 66

breaking up large fat globules, a process known as emulsification.

Question 67

is a green, pear-shaped sac about 10 cm or 4 in. long t

Answer 67

GALL BLADDER i

Question 68

can block the flow of fluid through the bile ducts

Answer 68

gallstones

Question 69

Signs of a gallstone attack include

Answer 69

nausea, vomiting, or pain in the abdomen, back, or just under the right arm.

Question 70

pancreatic juice, a mix of

Answer 70

digestive enzymes, water, buffers (bicarbonates), and electrolytes

Question 71

pancreatic juice, a mix of digestive enzymes, water, buffers (bicarbonates), and electrolytes produced by

Answer 71

acinar and epithelial cells.

Question 72

Pancreatic juice drains through the main pancreatic duct called?

Answer 72

(duct of Wirsung)