Gastrointestinal Disorder (Part 2)

Question 1

OTC drugs for GERD

Answer 1

Antacids
H2RAs (H2 receptor antagonists)
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)

Question 2

Prescription Medication for GERD

Answer 2

Prokinetics
H2RAs
PPIs

Question 2

Prescription Medication for GERD

Answer 2

Prokinetics
H2RAs
PPIs

Question 3

First-line treatment for PUD, if due to H. pylori, is “

Answer 3

Triple Therapy
2 antibiotics
1 PPI

Question 4

Example of triple therapy

Answer 4

1. clarithromycin
2. amoxicillin or metronidazole
   plus
3. proton pump inhibitor (e.g. omeprazole).

Question 5

r, in chronic ulceration or in gastric outlet obstruction
there is still an important role for

Answer 5

truncal vagotomy

Question 6

ANTISECRETORY THERAPY
AHPMA

Answer 6

Antacids.
2. Histamine (H2) blockers
3. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
4. Medications to protect and strengthen the mucous lining of
the stomach. (bismuth subsalicylate/Pepto-Bismol)
5. Antibiotics to treat H. pylori if it is detected

Question 7

abnormal, enlarged veins in the tube that
connects the throat and stomach

Answer 7

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

Question 8

Esophageal varices develop
when normal blood flow to the liver is blocked by

Answer 8

clot or scar tissue in the liver.

Question 9

opening in the diaphragm through which the
esophagus passes becomes enlarged

Answer 9

HIATAL (HIATUS) HERNIA

Question 10

Heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia; at least half
of cases are asymptomatic *NO REFLUX

Answer 10

SLIDING HERNIA

Question 11

Sense of fullness or chest pain after eating or may be
asymptomatic with refluz

Answer 11

PARAESOPHAGEAL HERNIA

Question 12

COMPLICATIONS: of Paraesophhageal hernia
HOS

Answer 12

hemorrhage, obstruction, and strangulation
possible.

Question 13

DECREASING RISK OF ASPIRATION for hernia

Answer 13

• keep in a semi-Fowler’s position.
• Instruct patient in the use of oral suction to decrease risk of
  aspiration.

Question 14

(Billroth I)

Answer 14

Vagotomy and Antrectomy with Gastroduodenal
Reconstruction

Question 15

Gastrojejunal Reconstruction

Answer 15

(Billroth II)

Question 16

s surgery to widen the opening in the lower part of
the stomach (pylorus) so that stomach contents can
empty into the small intestine (duodenum)

Answer 16

PYLOROPLASTY

Question 17

to reduce the rate
of gastric secretion.

Answer 17

VAGOTOMY

Question 18

All the parasympathetic supply from the stomach to the left
side of the transverse colon relies on the

Answer 18

e vagus nerves.

Question 19

cuts the nerve at the gastroesophageal
junction

Answer 19

truncal vagotomy

Question 20

lasts several hours to a few days and is often caused
by dietary indiscretion

Answer 20

ACUTE GASTRITIS

Question 21

prolonged inflammation of the stomach that may
be caused either by benign or malignant ulcers o

Answer 21

CHRONIC GASTRITIS

Question 22

abdominal discomfort, headache, lassitude, nausea,
anorexia, vomiting, and hiccupping

Answer 22

ACUTE Gastritis

Question 23

May be asymptomatic. anorexia, heartburn after
eating, belching, a sour taste in the mouth, or nausea and
vomiting., vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 23

CHRONIC GASTRITIS

Question 24

CHRONIC GASTRITIS MANAGEMENT

Answer 24

offer ice chips and clear liquids when symptoms subside. ▪ Encourage patient to report any symptoms suggesting a repeat episode

Question 24

CHRONIC GASTRITIS MANAGEMENT

Answer 24

offer ice chips and clear liquids when symptoms subside. ▪ Encourage patient to report any symptoms suggesting a repeat episode

Question 25

the whole stomach is removed

Answer 25

TOTAL GASTRECTOM

Question 26

the lower part of the stomach is removed

Answer 26

PARTIAL GASTRECTOM

Question 27

the left side of the stomach is removed

Answer 27

SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY

Question 28

top part of the stomach and part of the oesophagus (gullet), the tube connecting your throat to your stomach, is removed

Answer 28

OESOPHAGOGASTRECTOMY

Question 29

Complications of Gastrectomy BDGDE

Answer 29

BLEEDING – anastomosed sit ● DUODENAL STUMP LEAK ● GASTRIC RETENTION ● DUMPING SYNDROME (subtotal gastrostomies) Early – 10 - 30 mins after meals S/S = vertigo, tachycardia, syncope, sweating, pallor, palpitations

Question 30

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME/ IBS Also called

Answer 30

spastic colon, irritable colon, or nervous stomach

Question 31

e low-FODMAP diet

Answer 31

(fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols)

Question 32

can affect any part of the GI tract but most commonly affects the terminal ileum and large intestine, w

Answer 32

CROHN’S DISEASE

Question 33

CAUSES: genetics and family history

Answer 33

CROHN’S DISEASE

Question 34

TREATMENTCROHN’S DISEASE TMS

Answer 34

topical pain relievers ● immunosuppressants ● surgery

Question 35

a birth defect that occurs when the intestines do not correctly or completely rotate into their normal final position during development.

Answer 35

MALROTATION

Question 36

MALROTATION S/S

Answer 36

A baby with cramping might: ● pull up the legs and cry ● stop crying suddenly ● behave normally for 15 to 30 minutes ● repeat this behavior when the next cramp happens

Question 37

part of the intestine folds into itself, much like a collapsible telescope. A common cause of intestinal obstruction.

Answer 37

INTUSSUSCEPTION

Question 38

a part of the colon is completely blocked or missing

Answer 38

COLONIC ATRESIA

Question 39

part of the colon is more narrow than normal.

Answer 39

COLONIC STENOSIS,

Question 40

saclike herniation of the lining of the bowel that extends through a defect in the muscle layer

Answer 40

DIVERTICULUM

Question 41

s considered a major predisposing factor. DIVERTICULITI

Answer 41

low intake of dietary fiber

Question 42

results when food and bacteria retained in the diverticulum produce infection and inflammation

Answer 42

DIVERTICULITIS

Question 43

Bowel irregularity with intervals of diarrhea, nausea and anorexia, and bloating or abdominal distention.

Answer 43

Diverticulosis; n

Question 44

Acute onset of mild to severe pain in the left lower quadrant * Nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and leukocytosis

Answer 44

Diverticulitis

Question 45

Diverticulitis if untreated

Answer 45

, peritonitis and septicemia

Question 46

dilated veins in the anal canal, structural disease

Answer 46

Hemorrhoids a

Question 47

nternal hemorrhoids can fall down enough to

Answer 47

prolapse (sink or stick) out of the anus.

Question 48

This very painful condition is also called a “____" in external hemorr

Answer 48

pile

Question 49

Prolapse requires manual reduction, What grade/stage of hemorrhoids?

Answer 49

Grade 3

Question 50

Prolapse, reduces spontaneously What grade/stage of hemorrhoids?

Answer 50

2

Question 51

Prolapse cannot be reduced, What grade/stage of hemorrhoids?

Answer 51

4

Question 52

Bleeding, no prolapse What grade/stage of hemorrhoids?

Answer 52

1

Question 53

Position for rectal examination of anascope for hemorrhoids?

Answer 53

Prone jack knife position

Question 54

INTERNAL HEMORRHOIDS Treatment: (LIS)

Answer 54

Improve bowel habits Ligating bands Surgical removal for a very large, painful and persistent hemorrhoids.

Question 55

A HEMORRHOIDECTOMY is performed in the following settings: (SSS)

Answer 55

Symptomatic grade III, grade IV, or mixed Strangulated internal hemorrhoids - Some thrombosed external hemorrhoid

Question 56

Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids - PPH)

Answer 56

Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy