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Family Med EOR > Gastrointestinal/Nutritional > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal/Nutritional Flashcards

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1
Q

etiology of anal fissures

A

constipation

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2
Q

Where is the MC location of anal fissure

A

posterior midline

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3
Q

s/s of anal fissures

A

rectal bleeding and pain

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4
Q

When do anal fissures raise concern for pathologic etiology?

A

fissures oriented laterally

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5
Q

tx of anal fissures

A

proper toileting

topical nifedipine or nitroglycerin
topical analgesics
stool softener
sitz bath
fiber

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6
Q

etiology of appendicitis

A

fecalith

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7
Q

s/s of appendicitis

A

-periumbilical pain that localizes in the RLQ
-mcburneys point tenderness
-rosving sign
-psoas sign

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8
Q

diagnosis of appendicitis

A

CT

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9
Q

treatment of appendicitis

A

appendectomy

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10
Q

MC type of volvus

A

sigmoid

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11
Q

s/s of sigmoid volvus

A

-slow onset abdominal pain, nausea, abdominal distension, and constipation
-tenderness to palpation

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12
Q

dx of volvulus

A

-whirlwind sign of CT
-coffee bean/comma sign on Xray

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13
Q

treatment of volvulus

A

rigid sigmoidoscope

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14
Q

etiology of small bowel obstruction

A

surgical adhesions

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15
Q

s/s of small bowel obstruction

A

-n/v
-colicky abdominal pain
-abdominal distention
-hypoactive bowel sounds

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16
Q

diagnosis of SBO

A

-ladder appearance of Xray

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17
Q

treatment of SBO

A

-NG tube decompression

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18
Q

etiology of gallstones

A

cholesterol or alcohol

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19
Q

s/s of cholelithiasis

A

biliary colic

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20
Q

diagnosis of cholelithiasis

A

US

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21
Q

treatment of cholelithiasis

A

-none for asymptomatic
-if symptomatic, lap chole

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22
Q

etiology of cholecystitis

A

gallstones

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23
Q

s/s of cholecystitis

A

-RUQ pain
-murphy sign
-fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia

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24
Q

diagnosis of cholecystitis

A

-US
-HIDA if inconclusive

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25
treatment of cholecystitis
-IV abx **low risk community acquired intra-abdominal infection**: *single agent regimen*: pip/taz or *combo regimen with flagyl*: cefazolin or cefuroxime or ceftriaxone or cefotaxime or cipro or levo + flagyl **high risk community acquired**: *single agent*: imipenem/cilastatin meropenem doripenem pip/taz or *combo regimen with flagyl*: cefepime or ceftazidime + flagyl -lap chole
26
etiologies of cirrhosis
alcohol and hepatitis C
27
s/s of cirrhosis
-fatigue -abd pain -hepatomegaly -spider angiomas -**ascites** -jaundice
28
cirrhosis can lead to portal hypertension....how can that present... the gut, the butt, and the caput!
esophageal varices anorectal hemorrhoids caput medusae
29
dx of cirrhosis
US first liver bx
30
treatment of cirrhosis
-liver transplant -treat symptoms
31
MC type of polyp
adenomatous
32
diagnosis of colon polyps
colonoscopy
33
treatment of colon polyps
removal
34
s/s of colon cancer
-asymptomatic -change in bowel habits
35
diagnosis of colon cancer
colonoscopy with biopsy
36
treatment of colon cancer
-surgery -chemo/radiation
37
MC population for infection esophagitis
patients with HIV
38
MC pathogen for esophagitis
candida
39
s/s of esophagitis
-odynophagia -dysphagia -dyspepsia -nausea -postprandial worsening of symptoms
40
diagnosis of esophagitis
endoscopy with biopsy
41
etiologies of erosive gastritis
-meds -alcohol -stress
42
s/s of erosive gastritis
-epigastric pain -heartburn -nausea -vomiting
43
diagnosis of erosive gastritis
egd
44
treatment of erosive gastritis
-PPI -discontinue NSAIDs
45
etiology of nonerosive gastritis
-h.pylori
46
treatment of Hpylori gastritis
omeprazole amoxicillin clarithromycin
47
diagnosis of hpylori
urea breath test
48
s/s of gastroenteritis
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
49
treatment of gastroenteritis
fluids and rest
50
s/s of GERD
-heartburn -regurgitation -dysphagia
51
treatment of GERD
-H2 blockers if mild -PPI
52
etiology of giardiasis
-fecal oral -contaminated water
53
s/s of giardiasis
-watery diarrhea -dehydration
54
diagnosis of giardiasis
-stool antigen assay -stool PCR
55
treatment of giardiasis
Tinidazole Metronidazole
56
etiology of hemorrhoids
increased pressure
57
s/s of hemorrhoids
-rectal bleeding
58
staging of hemorrhoids
I: confined to anal canal II: protrude from anal canal, but reduce III: require manual reduction after BM IV: chronically protruding and risk strangulation
59
treatment of hemorrhoids
-stage 1 and 2: proper toileting -stage 3 and 4: banding or sclerotherapy
60
s/s of hiatal hernia
GERD
61
treatment of hiatal hernia
-lifestyle modifications -surgery if severe
62
s/s of chrons disease
-RLQ pain -nonbloody diarrhea -steatorrhea -cobblestoning and skip lesions -can affect any part but MC in terminal ileum
63
MC location for chrons
terminal ileum
64
diagnosis of chrons disease
colonoscopy with biopsy
65
treatment of chrons disease
-steroids (enteric coated budesonide is 1st line to induce remission) -immunomodulators and TNFa blockers
66
MC area for ulcerative colitis
rectum and sigmoid colon
67
s/s of ulcerative colitis
-bloody diarrhea -crampy lower abdominal pain
68
diagnosis of ulcerative colitis
sigmoidoscopy
69
treatment of ulcerative colitis
-distal colon: **topical mesalamine** -extends past sigmoid colon: **oral mesalamine** or steroids
70
s/s of IBS
-change in bowel habits -crampy lower abdominal pain -bloating
71
treatment of IBS
-lifestyle modifications -antispasmodics
72
etiology of acute pancreatitis
-gallstones -alcohol
73
s/s of acute pancreatitis
-**epigastric pain that radiates to the back** -**improves when leaning forward** -cullen and grey turner sign
74
diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
-amylase and **lipase**
75
treatment of pancreatitis
-fluids -rest -NPO -demerol
76
s/s of PUD
-**gnawing epigastric pain** -**relief with eating** -nocturnal pain
77
diagnosis of PUD
endoscopy
78
treatment of PUD
omeprazole
79
s/s of viral hepatitis
-fatigue -distaste for smoking -RUQ pain -fever -n/v -jaundice
80
treatment of Hep A, B, and D
supportive
81
treatment of Hep C
harvoni interferon
82
treatment of Hep E
ribavirin

Family Med EOR (14 decks)

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