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Physiology > Gastrointestinal Physiology > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Myenteric Plexus

A

Mainly excitatory EXCEPT Pyloric Sphincter and Ileocecal Valve

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2
Q

10 inches

A

Esophagus
Duodenum
Urethra

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3
Q

Absorption

Duodenum

A

Vitamin C

Iron

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4
Q

Absorption

Jejunum

A

Carbohydrate
Fats
Proteins

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5
Q

Absorption

Ileum

A

Vitamin B12-Intrinsic Factor (terminal part)

Vitamins ADEK

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6
Q

Gastrin

A
  • G cells - Stomach Antrum
  • Simulus - Gastric distention, Vagus Nerve Via GRP/ Bombesin
  • Inhibition - Inc H conc, Somatostatin
  • Fxn - Increase H ion secretion Growth of Gastric Mucosa
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7
Q

Secretin

A
  • S cells - duodenum
  • Stim H ion, Fatty acids in duodenum
  • Fxn: increase pancreatic HCO3 secretion, counteracts Gastrin
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8
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

I cells in duodenum jejunum
Stm by FATTY ACIDS
Fxn Gallbladder contraction, Sphincter of Odi relaxation, increase pancreatic enzyme and HCO secretion
INHIBITS GASTRIC EMPTYING

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9
Q

GIP

Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide

A
  • Aka Incretin GLP-1
  • K cells of duodenum
  • Increase insulin secretion
  • Inhibits gastric emptying
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10
Q

Motilin

A
  • M cells of duodenum jejunum
  • Stim by fasting
  • Stimulates peristalsis, clearing of GI in between meals
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11
Q

Parasumpathetic effects on GI

A
  • Contraction of smooth muscles
  • RELAXATION of sphincters
  • INC salaivation
  • INC gastric secretion
  • INC Pancreatic secretion
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12
Q

Sympathetic effect on GI

A
  • Relaxation of smooth muscles
  • CONTRACTION of sphincters
  • INC Salivation
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13
Q

POMC

A
  • Secreted by anorexigenic Neurons

* Anorexigenic

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14
Q

Neuropeptide Y

A
  • Orexigenic neurons

* Increase appetite

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15
Q

Ghrelin

A
  • Inhibits anorexigenic neurons - stimulate hunger

* Inhibited by Peptide YU

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16
Q

Leptin

A
  • Anorexigenic Neuron ACTIVATOR

* Orexigenic neuron INHIBITOR

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17
Q

Satiety center

A

Ventromedial hypthalamus

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18
Q

Hunger center

A

Lateral hypothalamic area

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19
Q

GLP

A

L cells of small intestines

INC Insulin secretion

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20
Q

Somatostatin

A

Inhibits release of ALL GI Hormones

Inhibits H+ secretion

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21
Q

Histamine

A

By mast cells of GI mucosa
Increase H+
Potentiates Gastrin and Ach

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22
Q

Tonic Contractions

A
  • Constant; no relaxation
  • Spincters
  • Subthreshold slow waves
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23
Q

Phasic contractions

A
  • Periodic contraction an relaxation
  • Mixing and propulsion
  • Spike potentials
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24
Q

GI Pacemaker

A
  • Intestinal cells of cajal

* Slow waves - not true action potential - sodium influx

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25
Q

Spike potentials

A

True AP due to calcium Influx

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26
Q

GI Transit time

A

Gastric Emptying: 3 hours
Pylorus to ileocecal valve: 3-5 hours
Ileocecal valve to colon: 8-15 hours

27
Q

Swallowing center

A

Medulla

28
Q

Receptive relaxation of the Orad Stomach

A
  • Vasovagal reflex mediated by VIP
  • Capacity 1.5L
  • CCK increases distensibility
29
Q

Haustra

A

Saclike segments of Colon due to SEGMENTAL CONTRACTIONS

30
Q

Structures seen only in colon

A

Taenia coli, Haustra, Epiploic Appendages

31
Q

Vomiting center

A

Medulla

32
Q

Hormone responsible in absorption of Sodium in saliva at ductal cells

A

Aldosterone

33
Q

Parotid gland

A

Serous secretion

Parasympa supplied by CN IX

34
Q

Submandibular gland

A

Mixed secretion, mainly SEROUS

Innervation CN VII

35
Q

Sublingual gland

A

Mixed secretion mainly MUCOUS

CN VII

36
Q

Muscular layers of stomach

A
  • Inner oblique
  • Middle circular
  • Outer longitudinal
37
Q

Chief cell / Peptic cells

A

Body of the stomach

Pepsinogen

38
Q

G cells

A

Antrum

Gastrin

39
Q

Mucous cells

A

Body, Antrum

Mucus

40
Q

Type A gastritis

A
  • Auto immune
  • Anti parietal cells
  • Pernicious anemia
41
Q

Type B gastritis

A

Secondary to bacteria

Achlorydia

42
Q

Oxyntic glands

A
  • Body

* Contains Mucus neck cells, Parietal cells and chief cells

43
Q

Pyloric glands

A
  • Antrum

* Contains G cells, Mucus cells

44
Q

Enterocromaffin cells

A

Serotonin

45
Q

Enterocromaffin like cells

A

Histamine

46
Q

Stimulate HCL secretion

A

Histamine, Ach, Gastrin

47
Q

Inhibits HCL secretion

A

Low pH, Somatostatin, Prostaglandin

48
Q

Increases pancreatic secretions

A

Secretin, CCK, Ach

49
Q

How many times the bile is reabsorbed/ recycled before it is excreted

A

17 times

50
Q

Carrier for transport of Glucose and Galactose from lumen to intestinal cells

A

SGLT 1

51
Q

Carrier for transport of Glucose from lumen to cells of proximal tubules

A

SGLT 2

52
Q

Carrier for transport of Fructose from lumen to intestinal cells

A

GLUT 5

53
Q

Transfers Glucose, Galactose and Fucose from Intestinal celss to blood

A

GLUT 2

54
Q

Main site for water absorption

A
  • Jejunum - 7.5 liters/day

* Large intestine - 1.5 liters/day only

55
Q

Needed for Vitamin B12 absorption

A

Intrinsic Factor

56
Q

Needed for Calcium absorption

A

Vitamin D

57
Q

Needed for Iron absorption

A

Vitamin C

58
Q

Site of Iron absorption

A
  • Duodenum
  • Binds to Apoferritin in intestinal cell
  • Binds to Transferrin in blood
59
Q

Site of bile acid absorption

A

Terminal Ileum

60
Q

Liver lobule

A
  • Hexagonal, Central vein on the center, Portal triad at the borders
  • Functional unit of liver
61
Q

Liver acinus model

A
  • Zone 1 - Periportal
  • Zone 2 - Midzonal
  • Zone 3 - Centrilobular
62
Q

Ito cells

A
  • Found in Space of Disse

* Storage of Vitamin A

63
Q

Kuppfer cells

A
  • Von Kuppfer cells
  • Seen in Liver sinusoids
  • Antigen presenting cells
66
Q

Parietal cells

A

Body of stomach

Secrete HCL, intrinsic factor

Physiology (6 decks)

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