Gastrointestinal Radiology 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Paraneoplastic condition in pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
Trousseau’s sign (spontaneous venous thrombosis).
Normal size of duodenal papilla?
Less than 1.5 cm.
Two types of gastric volvulus?
Organoaxial. Mesenteroaxial.
Small bowel folds in Celiac disease and Scleroderma?
Celiac: Jejunum decreased folds, ileum increased folds. Scleroderma: Increased folds throughout. 5 folds per inch is normal.
Ileocecal valve upper limits of normal size?
3 cm, certainly abnormal if > 4 cm.
Most common cause of enlarged ileocecal valve?
Lipomatous infiltration.
Diseases that can enlarged the ileocecal valve?
Lipoma. Crohn’s disease. Lymphoma. Prolapsing ileal neoplasms.
What vitamin deficiency may occur with small bowel diverticula?
Vitamin B12 from bacterial overgrowth.
Causes of toxic megacolon?
Ulcerative colitis. Crohn disease. Infectious colitis (especially in AIDS). Ischemia. Pseudomembranous colitis.
Which colon segment is most commonly involved in toxic megacolon?.
Transverse colon (most non-dependent).
In what patient population does right-sided diverticulitis occur?
Young adults. Asians.
Main differential feature of diffuse esophageal spasms and presbyesophagus?
Diffuse esophageal spasm presents with chest pain. Presbyesophagus is asymptomatic.
Does emphysematous cholecystitis result in air in the biliary system outside of the gallbladder?
No, because the cystic duct is obstructed.
What are the two categories of cecal volvulus?
Axial torsion. Bascule (folding of cecum on right colon without significant twisting).
What underlying condition do patients with emphysematous cholecystitis most likely have?
Diabetes.
What’s the difference between a fistula and a sinus tract?
Fistula tract connects two mucosal lined structures. Sinus tract ends blindly or in a cavity without normal mucosa.
What drug is associated with pneumatosis of the bowel?
Steroids.
What pulmonary and collagen vascular diseases can cause pneumatosis of the bowel?
Scleroderma. SLE. Dermatomyositis. Asthma. COPD. CF.
Gallstone ileus triad?
Air in biliary system. Radiopaque stone. Bowel obstruction. All 3 present probably only 30% of the time.
Causes of nodular filling defects in duodenal bulb and proximal duodenum?
Heterotopic gastric mucosa. Benign lymphoid hyperplasia. Brunner’s gland hyperplasia (large nodules).
What conditions may result in loss of haustral folds?
Most types of colitis. Laxative abuse. Scleroderma.
Most common location in stomach for a malignant ulcer?
Antrum (most common area for benign ulcers, too). Fundus ulcers, though uncommon, are more likely to be malignant.
Spigelian, Richter’s, and Littre’s hernias?
Spigelian: lower quadrant through semilunar line. Richter’s: only one wall of bowel involved. Littre’s: Meckel’s diverticulum hernia.
Disorder that causes thyroid and breast abnormalities, hyperkeratosis, and harmartomas of the small bowel?
Cowden disease.
