Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

What does the GIT contain?

Answer 1

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

Question 2

What is the oral cavity supported by?

Answer 2

The jaws

Question 3

Where do the teeth lie?

Answer 3

In sockets on the jaws

Question 4

Where does the tongue lie?

Answer 4

On the floor of the oral cavity, held by frenulum

Question 5

What is the oral cavity separated from the nasal cavity by?

Answer 5

The palate → anteriorly hard, posteriorly soft

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

What is pharynx?

Answer 7

Muscular tube that is posterior to the nasal cavity above and oral cavity below, transmitting air and food respectively

Question 8

What is the pharynx divided into?

Answer 8

Nasopharynx → at the back of the nose
Oropharynx → at the back of the oral cavity

Question 9

The oropharynx continues downwards as what?

Answer 9

The esophagus

Question 10

What are the contents of the pharynx?

Answer 10

Epiglottis
Tonsils → 2 of them, 1 at each side of the oropharynx

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

What is esophagus

Answer 12

A long straight muscular tube connecting the pharynx superiorly with the stomach inferiorly

Question 13

The lower end of the esophagus is kept closed by what?

Answer 13

By the lower esophageal sphincter, which is a muscular narrowing at the junction between the esophagus and stomach

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

What is stomach?

Answer 15

A hollow, J-shaped muscular bag lying under the diaphragm
It follows the esophagus and continues as the duodenum distally

Question 16

What are the parts of the stomach?

Answer 16

Fundus
Body
Pylorus
Lesser curvature
Greater curvature

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the blood supply of stomach?

Answer 18

Supplied by the celiac trunk, a branch of the descending abdominal aorta

Question 19

What is the anterior relations of stomach?

Answer 19

Left lobe of the liver
Diaphragm
Anterior abdominal wall

Question 20

What is the posterior relations of stomach?

Answer 20

Pancreas
Spleen and the splenic artery

Question 21

What is the small intestine?

Answer 21

A hollow muscular tube that is 6 meters long
It’s coiled up forming loops that fill in the abdominal cavity

Question 22

What are the parts of small intestine?

Answer 22

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 23

Describe duodenum

Answer 23

C-shaped
Shortest part
Connected to stomach above and jejunum below
Receives the opening of bile and pancreatic ducts
Bile and pancreatic juices mix with food

Question 24

Describe jejunum

Answer 24

Between the duodenum and ileum
a lot of villi
For absorption

Question 25

Describe ileum

Answer 25

Between the jejunum and large intestine Opens into cecum of the large intestine by the ileocecal valve For absorption

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

What does large intestine do?

Answer 27

Extends from the end of the ileum to anus

Question 28

What are the parts of the large intestine?

Answer 28

Cecum Colon Rectum Anal canal

Question 29

What is cecum?

Answer 29

Bag-like ileum opens into it by the ileocecal valve Appendix

Question 30

What does the colon divide into?

Answer 30

Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon

Question 31

What is the ascending colon

Answer 31

Extends from the cecum to the lower border of the liver where it takes a bend forming the right colic flexure

Question 32

What is the transverse colon?

Answer 32

Lies horizontally below the liver and stomach.it covers the upper coils of the small intestine. As it turns downwards it forms the left colic flexure

Question 33

What is the descending colon?

Answer 33

Continues downwards

Question 34

What is the sigmoid colon?

Answer 34

S-shaped, lies in the pelvis

Question 35

What is rectum?

Answer 35

Lies in front of the sacrum

Question 36

What is anal canal?

Answer 36

Ends at the anus that is guarded by the internal and external anal sphincters

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

What does the abdominal aorta gives?

Answer 38

The superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 39

What does the superior mesenteric artery supplies?

Answer 39

Small intestine Right-sided parts of the large intestine → cecum, appendix, ascending colon right half of the transverse colon

Question 40

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supplies?

Answer 40

The rest of the large intestine → left half of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

Question 41

Answer 41