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Basic Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissues in the body?

A

Muscle tissue, nerve tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue

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2
Q

What is the epithelium for?

A

Form coverings, lining of surfaces

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3
Q

What is simple epithelium?

A

The cells arranged in a single layer

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4
Q

What is stratified epithelium?

A

Cells arranged in two or more layers

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5
Q

When is the epithelium called squamous?

A

If the cells have a flattened shape

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6
Q

When is the cell called cuboidal?

A

When the cell has the same height, width, and depth

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7
Q

When is the cell called columnar?

A

When the height of the cells exceeds their width

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8
Q

What is a simple squamous epithelium?

A

Consists of a single layer of flattened cells

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9
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium?

A

Consists of a single layer of cells that are taller then they are wide

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10
Q

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Consists of several layers of cell, with the outermost layer consisting of flattened cells

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11
Q

What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Consists of at least two layers of cells

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12
Q

What is stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Consists of at least two layers of cells, with the cells in the outer layer being taller than they are wide

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13
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelium?

A

A simple epithelium, which has the appearance of being stratified because it has some low cells which do not reach the free surface, and some tall cells

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14
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Several layers of cells that flatten out when being stretched

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15
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Holds cells together and supports the body

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16
Q

What is the matrix?

A

Secreted by the connective tissue cells and determines the characteristics of the connective tissue

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17
Q

What does determine the function of the connective tissue?

A

The consistency of the matrix

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18
Q

What can the matrix be?

A

Liquid, gel-like, solid

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19
Q

What loose connective tissue?

A

Thin, soft contains many collagen and elastic fibers in a jell-like matrix
The cells are not close together
Functions in binding the skin to underlying structures

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20
Q

What are the two categories of dense connective tissue?

A

Dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue

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21
Q

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Contains collagen and elastic fibers which are found running in all different directions and planes

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22
Q

What are dense regular connective tissue?

A

Contains extracellular fibers that all run in the same direction and plane

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23
Q

What are elastic connective tissue?

A

Made up of freely branching elastic fibers with fibroblasts in the space between the fibers

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24
Q

What is blood?

A

Plasma which includes white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets

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25
Why is blood considered a fluid connective tissue?
Because the matrix of blood is not solid
26
What is cartilage?
Connective tissue that is relatively solid and is a non-vascularized tissue (does not have blood supply)
27
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage
28
What is the hyaline cartilage?
The most common type of cartilage contains many collagen fibers and is found in the nose, between the ribs
29
What is elastic cartilage?
Has many elastic fibers in the matrix and support the shape of ears
30
What is fibrocartillage?
Tough and contains many collagen fibers and is responsible for cushioning the knee joint and for forming discs between vertebrae
31
What is a bone?
A hard mineralized tissue found in skeleton
32
What does the bone matrix contain?
Many collagen fibers inorganic mineral salts, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
33
What are osteocytes?
Bone cells that secret osteoid substance that eventually hardens around the cells to form an ossified matrix
34
What does the osteon form?
Forms the basic unit of compact bone
35
What is adipose tissue?
Commonly known as fat, related loose connective tissue
36
What does the adipose tissue contain?
Fat cells that are specialized for lipid storage also this tissue cushions and protects the organs
37
What are muscular tissue?
Ability to contract when stimulated, get shorter and produce movement
38
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
39
What is skeletal muscle composed of?
Tissue composed of long, multinucleate cells with visible striations
40
What does the skeletal muscle allow?
Allows movement by being attached to bones in the body
41
Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary muscle?
Voluntary, as the contraction is consciously controlled
42
What is the smooth muscle composed of?
Short cylindrical cells that taper at the ends
43
Is the smooth muscle involuntary or voluntary
Involuntary, as the muscle contraction is not consciously controlled
44
What does the cardiac muscle consist of?
Short, branched, striated cells, with one nucleus at the center of each cell
45
How do the cardiac muscles work?
Cardiac muscle cells within a fiber are joined to their neighbors by intercalated discs These specialized communication junctions facilitate the heart beat by transmitting the signal to contract
46
Is the cardiac muscle involuntary or voluntary?
Involuntary
47
What is nervous tissue?
Responds to changes in the environment and conducts impulses to various organs in the body to respond to changes
48
What are the two types of cells that nervous tissue contains?
Neuroglia, neurons
49
What is the neuroglia?
These cells do not send or receive electrical impulses
50
What are the functions of neuroglia ?
Providing physical support, providing nutrients, removing debris and providing electrical insulation
51
What are neurons?
Cells that carry electrical impulses
52
What are the main three types of neurons?
Sensory neuron, motor neuron and interneurons
53
What are sensory neurons?
Conduct impulses from sensory organs to the central nervous system
54
What are motor neurons?
Responsible for conducting impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs
55
What are interneurons?
Neurons that connect sensory neurons to motor neurons
56
What are the important structures of a motor neuron?
Cell body, dendrites, axon
57
What is the cell body?
Responsible for producing all of the proteins for the dendrites, axons, and synaptic terminals
58
What are dendrites?
These structures branch out from the cell body in a tree-like fashion The function is to receive signals from other nerve cells
59
What is axon?
The main conducting unit of the neuron and is capable of conveying electrical signals over long and short distances
60
Name the tissues
Muscle, nerve, epithelial, connective
61
What type of epithelium?
Simple squamous epithelium
62
What type of epithelium?
Stratified squamous
63
What type of epithelium?
Simple cuboidal
64
What type of epithelium?
Stratified cuboidal
65
What type of epithelium?
Simple columnar
66
What type of epithelium?
Stratified columnar
67
What type of epithelium?
Pseudostratified columnar
68
Hyaline cartilage
69
Fibrous cartilage
70
Elastic cartilage
71
Cardiac muscle cell, skeletal muscle cell, smooth muscle cell
72
Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
73
Name
Dendrite, cell body, node of ranvier, axon terminal, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, Schwann cell
74
Name
Epidermis, dermis, arrector pile muscle, hair follicle, sebaceous glands
75
Skin, epidermis, dermis, fascia, superficial, deep, muscle, bone
76
What are fibroblasts responsible for?
Synthesizing protein fibers for the matrix

Anatomy (14 decks)

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