Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

esophagus pierces diaphragm at

Answer 1

T10

Question 2

esophagus is ___ to aorta

Answer 2

ant

Question 3

esophagus enters ____ aspect of stomach (what part of stomach ___)

Answer 3

superomedial
cardia

Question 4

GE junction

Answer 4

junction of greater and lesser curvatures of stomach

Question 5

stomach is in the _____ and _____ regions

Answer 5

hypochondrium
epigastric

Question 6

stomach is intra/retroperitoneal

Answer 6

intra

Question 7

lower aspect of stomach crosses midline and terminates at the ____

Answer 7

duodenum

Question 8

4 parts of stomach

Answer 8

cardia
fundus
body
pylorus

Question 9

cardia

Answer 9

surrounds lower esophageal sphincter

Question 10

fundus of stomach

Answer 10

rounded superior portion
left of cardia

Question 11

body of stomach

Answer 11

largest central portion

Question 12

pylorus of stomach

Answer 12

distal aspect and empties stomach
just right of ML

Question 13

ML

Answer 13

midline

Question 14

two curvatures of the stomach

Answer 14

lesser: concave and medial
greater: convex and lateral

Question 15

small bowel is _____ in length

Answer 15

5-6m

Question 16

3 parts of SI

Answer 16

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 17

duodenum (size, width, how many parts)

Answer 17

shortest
widest
4 parts

Question 18

what is the most fixed portion of the small bowel

Answer 18

duodenum

Question 19

first part of duodenum (AKA, intra/retroP)

Answer 19

superior/bulb
intraperitoneal

Question 20

first part of duodenum runs up and back to about the level of ____

Answer 20

GB neck

Question 21

2nd part of duodenum is intra/retro/AKA

Answer 21

retroperitoneal
descendign

Question 22

where doe CBD and pacreatic duct insert into duodenum

Answer 22

2nd part

Question 23

3rd part dudoenum AKA intr/retro

Answer 23

transverse
retroperitoneal

Question 24

4th part duodenum AKA intra/retro

Answer 24

ascending
retro

Question 25

4th part of duodenum runs superior and to the __

Answer 25

left

Question 26

jejunum is intra/retroP

Answer 26

intraperitoneal

Question 27

jejunum mainly in _____ and ____ region

Answer 27

umbilical left iliac region

Question 28

what is the longest portion of SI

Answer 28

ileum

Question 29

what regions (4) is ileum in

Answer 29

umbilical hypogastric right iliac pelvic

Question 30

what is the joint between ileum and LI known as

Answer 30

ileocecal sphincter

Question 31

ileum is anchored by

Answer 31

mesentery

Question 32

large bowel is ____ in length

Answer 32

about 2m

Question 33

5 divisions of LI

Answer 33

cecum colon (asc/trans/des) sigmoid rectum anal canal

Question 34

cecum is ____ ileocecal sphincter

Answer 34

below

Question 35

cecum in what what region/quadrant

Answer 35

RLQ/rigth iliac region

Question 36

what extends from inferior portion of cecum

Answer 36

appendix

Question 37

ascending colon intra/retroP

Answer 37

retroperitoneal

Question 38

ascending colonfrom ____ to visceral surface of _____

Answer 38

right iliac fossa right lobe

Question 39

what is the flexure after asc colon called

Answer 39

hepatic flexure

Question 40

trans colon intra/retroP

Answer 40

intraperitoneal

Question 41

trans colon is ____ to duodenum

Answer 41

anterior

Question 42

trans colon bends downward just inferior to ___ (____ felxure)

Answer 42

spleen splenic

Question 43

descednign colon intra/retroP

Answer 43

retroperitoneal

Question 44

what portion of colon extends over pelvic brim

Answer 44

des colon

Question 45

terminal end of colon

Answer 45

sigmoid

Question 46

sigmoid projects ___ toward midlne and sits ___ to rectum

Answer 46

inwards ant

Question 47

what portion of GI descends into true pelvis

Answer 47

rectum

Question 48

when does rectum become anal canal

Answer 48

when rectum penetrates the levator ani = anal canal

Question 49

4 layers of GI tract inner to outer

Answer 49

mucosa submucosa muscularis serosa

Question 50

mucosa made of (3)

Answer 50

epothelial lining, connective tissue and. muscle

Question 51

function of mucosa

Answer 51

protects absorbs secretes

Question 52

submocusoa made up of (3)

Answer 52

CT BV lymphatics

Question 53

2 function of submucosa

Answer 53

nourishes surrounding tissue, transport nutrients

Question 54

muscularis made up of

Answer 54

muscle (circular and longitudinal)

Question 55

muscularis responsible for

Answer 55

movement of tube and contents

Question 56

serosa is what

Answer 56

outer protective lyer

Question 57

the distinct layered appearance of gut on US is due to _______ of the histological layers of GI tract

Answer 57

different acoustic properties

Question 58

lumen (not a true histological layer) on US looks like

Answer 58

hyperechoic

Question 59

mucosa on US

Answer 59

hypoechoic

Question 60

submucosa on US

Answer 60

hyperechoic

Question 61

muscularis on US

Answer 61

hypoechoic

Question 62

serosa on US

Answer 62

hyperechoic

Question 63

stomahc has folds callled

Answer 63

rgae

Question 64

rugae are ____ to long axis and disappear when

Answer 64

parallel in a distended state

Question 65

valvulae conniventes (what, how far apart, most prominent where)

Answer 65

visible ned of SI whe distended 3-5mm apart most prominent in duodenum

Question 66

large bowel has ____ that are ____ apart

Answer 66

haustral marking 3-5cm

Question 67

wall thickness of GI distended vs nondistended

Answer 67

3mm vs 5mm

Question 68

SI has ____ sign and colon has ___ markings

Answer 68

keyboard haustral

Question 69

primary functions of GI (2)

Answer 69

digestion absorption

Question 70

is the GI tract and endocrine organ

Answer 70

yes

Question 71

injestion of food stimulates release of hormones from the _____ in the ___

Answer 71

endocrine cells mucosa

Question 72

3 GI hormones

Answer 72

gastrin CCK secretin

Question 73

gastrin released by/stimulates

Answer 73

released by stomach stimulates secretion of gastric acid

Question 74

CCK released by/stimulates

Answer 74

released by duodenum controls GB contraction

Question 75

secretin released by/stimulates

Answer 75

released by duodenum stimulates secretion of bicarbonate

Question 76

what supplies SI/LI

Answer 76

celiac, sup, and inf mesenteric arteries

Question 77

venous return from SI/LI empties into

Answer 77

the portal venous system

Question 78

____ supply and drain the stomach

Answer 78

gastric artery and vein

Question 79

3 things we asses on US for bowel/colon

Answer 79

assess diameter, content, and motor activity

Question 80

if wall thicken symmetrically vs asymmetrically

Answer 80

inflammation vs malignancy

Question 81

excessive amount of fluid in the lumen of GI can mean (3)

Answer 81

hypersecretion mechanical obstruction paralytic ileus

Question 82

activity of GI tract increased with

Answer 82

mechanical bowel obstruction/inflammation

Question 83

activity of GI tract decreased with

Answer 83

paralytic ileus/end-stage mechanical obstruction

Question 84

sonographic prep

Question 85

normal gut should/shouldn't compress

Answer 85

should

Question 86

use _____ compression for US

Answer 86

slow graded