Gastrointestinal Tract Organs Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are the finger-like extensions increasing surface area in the small intestine called?
Villi
Villi play a crucial role in nutrient absorption.
What are the folds in the gastric mucosa known as?
Gastric mucosal folds
These folds help increase surface area for digestion.
What are the permanent deep ridges in the small intestine mucosa called?
Circular folds or plica circularis
Circular folds enhance nutrient absorption.
What is the sphincter valve between the stomach and duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
This valve regulates the passage of food into the small intestine.
What is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall?
Parietal peritoneum
It provides a protective layer in the abdominal cavity.
What is the serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs?
Visceral Peritoneum
The visceral peritoneum helps in reducing friction between organs.
What is the name of the sphincter that connects the small and large intestine?
Ileocecal sphincter or ileal orifice
It controls the flow of material from the ileum to the cecum.
What fluid begins the digestion of carbohydrates?
Saliva
Saliva contains enzymes like amylase that initiate carbohydrate breakdown.
What is the bony plate between the mouth and nose called?
Hard palate
The hard palate separates the oral and nasal cavities.
What forms a brush border and is an extension of the epithelial cell plasma membrane?
Microvilli
Microvilli increase the surface area for absorption on epithelial surfaces.
What structure keeps food and fluids from going up into the nasopharynx?
Uvula
The uvula plays a role in speech and swallowing.
What is the area between the lips and teeth called?
Oral vestibule
The oral vestibule is the space in the mouth that aids in food manipulation.
What region of the stomach is where the lower esophageal sphincter meets the stomach?
Cardia
The cardia is the entry point of the esophagus into the stomach.
What regions does the large intestine have?
Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
These regions are responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes.
What is the narrowed region of the stomach before the small intestine called?
Pylorus
The pylorus regulates the passage of food into the small intestine.
What are the series of gathered pouches in the large intestine known as?
Haustra
Haustra are formed by the contraction of the muscles in the colon.
