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Food Preparation and Nutrition > GCSE 2018 > Flashcards

GCSE 2018 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a macronutrient?

A

Protein, carbohydrates and fats, which are needed in large amounts and measured in grams

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2
Q

What are micronutrients?

A

Vitamins and minerals, which are needed by the body in very small amounts and are measured in mg

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3
Q

Why do we need Protein?

A

Growth
Repair
Maintenance of body cells
Production of enzymes and hormones

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4
Q

What are proteins made from?

A

Amino acids chains

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5
Q

What does animal proteins Have?

A

HBV
High biological value
Found in milk, cheese, eggs and meat

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6
Q

What is a vegetable Protein?

A

LBV
Low biological value
Found in seeds nuts beans lentils

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7
Q

What does HBV and LBV refer to?

A

Number of essential amino acids in foods

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8
Q

How much protein does a person between 15 and 50 need?

A

55g

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9
Q

How much protein does a child aged 4 to 6 need?

A

20g daily

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10
Q

What are the two types of carbohydrates and what do they do?

A

Starch gives slow release energy keeping us feeling fuller for longer
Sugar releases glucose very fast giving us a short burst of energy

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11
Q

What are the two types of sugars and some examples?

A

Monosaccharides - glucose absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion
Fruits veg corn
Dissaccharides - formed when two monosaccharides molecule are joined
Can sugar beet milk wheat

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12
Q

What is a Starch?

A

Polysaccharides - starch is a complex carbohydrate

Potatoes oats corn fruit veg

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13
Q

Why do we need fat?

A

Macronutrient which provides us with energy
Insulation and body warmth
Protecting vital organs
Acting as a carrier for the fat soluble vitamins: Vitamin A, D, E and K
Hormone production

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14
Q

What is a saturated fat?

A

Have all carbon atoms in each molecule joined with hydrogen atoms.
Linked with coronary heart disease as it’s bad cholestral
Butter, cream, cheese and meat fat

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15
Q

What is a monounsaturated fat?

A

One carbon atom in each molecule joined to one other carbon atom, forming a double bond. The double bond blocks any hydrogen molecule from joining two carbon atom
Reduces blood cholestral as it’s good fat
Avocados and olive oil

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16
Q

What is a polyunsaturated fat?

A

Several carbon atoms form double bonds thus reducing hydrogen atoms available in molecule.
Good source of omega 3
Sunflower, soya beans and oily fish

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17
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Vital for good health and are found in eggs and meat

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18
Q

What is cholestral?

A

Fatty substance that is naturally occurring in the blood.

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19
Q

What is the Fat RNI for people?

A

70g for women

95g for men

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20
Q

What does a fat defiency mean a lack of?

A

Vitamins A, D, E and K which can lead to night blindness, dry, brittle nails and hair

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21
Q

Why is vitamin A needed?

A

healthy immune system

help us to see in dim light

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22
Q

Where is Vitamin A found?

A 
Liver
Dairy foods
egg yolk
yellow fruits
oily fish
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23
Q

What happens if you have not enough Vitamin A?

A

A deficiency is rare but can cause night blindness, stunted growth of children

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24
Q

What happens if you have too much Vitamin A?

A

Fractures in old age

pregnant women can have birth defects

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25
Why is Vitamin D needed?
Formation of bones and teeth | controls calcium absorption
26
Where is Vitamin D found?
Oily fish eggs liver
27
What happens if you lack Vitamin D?
deficiency causes rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults heart failure
28
What happens if you have too much vitamin D?
Kidney Damage
29
Why do you need Vitamin E?
Anti-oxidant to prevent body from getting diseased | Healthy skin and eyes
30
Where is Vitamin E found?
Soya Olive oil nuts seeds
31
What happens if you lack Vitamin E
deficiency is unlikely
32
What happens if you have too much Vitamin E?
Affects blood coagulation
33
Why do we need Vitamin K?
Blood clotting wound healing good bone health
34
Where is Vitamin K found?
green leafy veg liver and bacon cereals
35
What happens if we lack Vitamin K?
deficiency is unlikely
36
What happens if we have too much Vitamin K?
Stored in the liver
37
What are some fat soluble vitamins and where are they found?
Vitamin A, D, E and K | found in fats and food naturally containing fats and oils
38
What are some water soluble vitamins?
B group Vitamins | Vitamin C
39
Why do we need B group vitamins?
Releasing energy from food Nervous system Growth in children
40
Where is the B group vitamins found?
Cereal wholegrains eggs dairy foods
41
What happens if we lack B group vitamins?
muscle wasting dry, sore skin some anaemias
42
What happens if we have too much B group vitamins?
Unlikely because all flushes out in urine
43
Why do we need Vitamin C?
Collagen formation Wounds healing Helps absorption of iron
44
Where is Vitamin C found?
Citrus fruits berries tomatoes
45
What happens if we don't have enough vitamin C?
bleeding gums wounds not healing anaemia if not enough iron is absorbed
46
What happens if we have too much Vitamin C?
Excess is flushed out in urine
47
What are 3 minerals?
Calcium Iron Sodium
48
Why is calcium needed?
Form, strengthen and maintain bones and teeth blood clotting muscles and nerves of the heart
49
What happens if we lack calcium?
rickets in children | osteoporosis
50
What happens if we have too much calcium?
A build u in the kidneys can be fatal
51
Why is Iron needed?
make blood haemoglobin, which carries oxygen to cells
52
Where is iron found?
red meat liver wholegrain cereals
53
What happens if we dont have enough iron?
anaemia - tired and very pale eye margins
54
What happens if we have too much iron?
constipation and nausea
55
Why do we need sodium?
maintain water levels in all cells | controls nerves and muscles
56
Where is sodium found?
salt hidden in processed foods bacon burgers
57
What happens if we lack sodium?
rare
58
What happens if we have too much sodium?
High blood pressure | stroke
59
Why is potassium needed?
healthy blood pressure balance body fluids prevent cramps
60
Where is potassium found?
``` fruit vegetables beans nuts seeds ```
61
Why is phosphorus needed?
works with calcium to form strong bones and teeth
62
Where is phosphorus found?
red meat dairy foods bread
63
Why is magnesium needed?
helps bone development and the nervous system
64
Where is magnesium found?
meat fish dairy foods
65
What vitamin works with iron and how?
Vitamin C | when you eat iron rich plants ass a vitamin C food to the dish to increase the iron absorption
66
What vitamins works with calcium and how?
Vitamin D | if you don't have vitamin C with calcium rich foods the calcium can not be absorbed
67
What does a healthy balanced diet ensure?
iodine, zinc, fluoride, selenium trace elements are easily accessible
68
What does water do?
regulates body temperature transports nutrients in the blood removes waste from cells aid digestion
69
What is coeliac disease?
body cannot absorb protein found in wheat
70
What is anaemia?
body lacks iron, which is needed for red blood cell production
71
What is type 2 diabetes?
Bodys become insulin resistant and cannot utilise the glucose produced by carbs
72
What is some cooking methods?
conduction convection radiation
73
What are the effects of oxygen on fruit and veg, meat, fish and fats and oils?
fruit and veg - cut surfaces can go brown due to oxidising of enzymes meat - red surface becomes brown/ grey due to oxygen affecting the myoglobin fish - oxygen works with fish enzymes making it spoil rapidly and smell very fishy fats and oils - oxygen turns fats and oils rancid
74
What is an emulsion?
where oil and water join together in suspension. To emulsify oil and water and emulsifier is needed such as adding egg yolk to the mixture
75
Why are enzymes needed?
soften, falvour and ripen foods
76
What is aeration?
the addition of air to food, will lighten the texture and help it rise because air particles expand on heating
77
What will happen to strachy carbs when exposed to dry heat?
create dextrin
78
What foods are available in summer?
``` cherries pease gooseberries strawberries courgettes ```
79
What foods are available in Spring?
``` spinach rhubarb leeks broccoli radishes ```
80
What foods are available in Autumn?
beetroot ears raspberries kale
81
What foods are available in winter?
swede turnips parsnips spring greens
82
What is primary market research?
research involves taste testing and sensory analysis of existing or newly developed products
83
What is secondary market research?
Analysis of existing information

Food Preparation and Nutrition (6 decks)

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