GCSE Biology Unit 9 + 10 Flashcards:

Question 1

Define Cell.

Answer 1

The Smallest Structural And Functional Unit Of An Organism.

Question 2

Define Nucleus.

Answer 2

A Structure That Contains Genetic Material And Controls The Activities Of The Cell.

Question 3

Define Chromosome.

Answer 3

A Thread Like Structure Of Coiled DNA Found In The Nucleus Of Eukaryotic Cells.

Question 4

Define DNA.

Answer 4

A Polymer Made Up Of Two Strand Forming A Double Helix.

Question 5

Define Gene.

Answer 5

A Section Of DNA That Codes For A Specific Protein Or Characteristic.

Question 6

What Is The First Stage Of The Cell Cycle?

Answer 6

Growth- Increase The Number Of Sub-Cellular Structures E.g. Ribosomes And Mitochondria.

Question 7

What Is The Second Stage Of The Cell Cycle?

Answer 7

DNA Synthesis- DNA Replicates To Form Two Copies Of Each Chromosome.

Question 8

What Is The Third Stage Of The Cell Cycle?

Answer 8

Mitosis- One Set Of Chromosomes Is Pulled To Each End Of The Cell And The Nucleus Divides.
. Then The Cytoplasm And Cell Membranes Divide To Form Two Cells That Are Identical To The Parent Cell.

Question 9

Draw And Label The Cell Cycle Diagram.

Question 10

When Does Mitosis Occur?

Answer 10

During Growth, Repair And Replacement Of Cells.

Question 11

When Does Asexual Reproduction Occur?

Answer 11

By Mitosis In Both Plants And Simple Animals.

Question 12

How Is The Small Intestine Adapt For Diffusion?

Answer 12

Small Intestines Contain Villi- Increase Surface Area, Good Blood Supply-To Maintain Concentration Gradient, Thin Membranes-Short Diffusion Distance.

Question 13

How Are The Lungs Adapted For Diffusion?

Answer 13

Lungs Contain Alveoli- Increase Surface Area, Good Blood Supply- To Maintain Concentration Gradient, Thin Membranes- Short Diffusion Distance.

Question 14

How Are Fish Gills Adapted For Diffusion?

Answer 14

Gills In Fish Contain Gill Filaments And Lamella- Increase Surface Area, Good Blood Supply- To Maintain Concentration Gradient, Thin Membranes- Short Diffusion Distance.

Question 15

How Are Roots Adapted Diffusion?

Answer 15

They Contain Root Hair Cells- Increase Surface Area.

Question 16

How Are Leaves Adapted For Diffusion?

Answer 16

Large Surface Area, Thin Leaves For Short Diffusion Path, Stomata On The Lower Surface To Let O2 And CO2 In And Out.

Question 17

The Greater The Difference In Concentration…

Answer 17

The Faster The Rate Of Diffusion.

Question 18

Define Diffusion.

Answer 18

Movement Of Particles In A Solution Or Gas From A Region Of High Concentration To A Region Of Low Concentration.

Question 19

Define Osmosis.

Answer 19

Movement Of Water From A Dilute Solution To A More Concentrated Solution.

Question 20

Define Active Transport.

Answer 20

Movement Of Particles From A Dilute Solution To A More Concentrated Solution.

Question 21

Sate An Example Of Diffusion.

Answer 21

o2 And Co2 In Gas Exchange, Urea In Kidneys.
. Factors That Affect The Rate Are, Concentration, Temperature And Surface Area.

Question 22

State An Example Of Osmosis.

Answer 22

Plants Absorb Water From The Soil Through The Process Of Osmosis Through Their Root Hair Cells. Plants Use Water For Several Vital Processes Such As Photosynthesis And The Transport Of Minerals.

Question 23

State An Example Of Active Transport.

Answer 23

Movement Of Mineral Ions Into Roots Of Plants And The Movement Of Glucose Into The Small Intestines.

Question 24

Define Cell Division.

Answer 24

Cells Divided To Produce Two New Cells Which Are Exact Copies Of The Original Cell And Can Differentiate To Form Many Other Different Types Of Cells.

Question 25

What Can Human Embryonic Cells Do?

Answer 25

They Can Be Cloned And Made To Differentiate Into Most Cell Types.

Question 26

What Is Therapuetic Cloning And How Is It Linked To Human Embryonic Cells?

Answer 26

It’s Job Is To Produce Human Embryonic Cells With The Same DNA As The Donor Cell. It Uses The Same Genes So That The Body Doesn’t Reject The Tissue- However There Is A Risk Of Infection.

Question 27

What Can Adult Bone Marrow Stem Cells Do?

Answer 27

They Can For Many Types Of Human Cells. E.g. White Blood Cells.

Question 28

What Can Meristems, (Plants) Do?

Answer 28

They Can Differentiate Into Any Other Plant Cell Type During The Life Of The Plant.

Question 29

How Are Meristems Cloned?

Answer 29

Quickly And Economically. E.g. A Rare Plant Species.

Question 30

How Are Adult Bone Marrow Stem Cells Cloned?

Answer 30

Tissue Is Matched To Avoid Rejection. Only A Few Types Of Cells Can Be Formed.

Question 31

Define A Stem Cell.

Answer 31

An Undifferentiated Type Of Cell That Has The Ability To Differentiate And Form Other Types Of Specialized Cells.

Question 32

How Do Stem Cells Help Fight Off Infections, Diseases Bacteria, (E.t.c)?

Answer 32

These Stem Cells Can Be Manipulated To Form Other Types Of Specialized Cells Which Can Then Be Implanted Into A Person.