[GCSE] Phil and Eth: Love and Relationships Flashcards
Based on the Specification. (43 cards)
1
Q
What is the significance of marriage in catholic life?
A
- Marriage was crated by God as a way of establishing and preserving society
- One of the 7 sacraments of the Church which bring God’s grace, strength and salvation
- Catholics believe marriage is the only acceptable way for them to have a sexual relationship
2
Q
Give some Catholic teachings about marriage?
A
- Marriage can only be between man and woman as it was established by God when he created humans
- Marriage is a sacrament between the couple and God which humans have no right to break
- Not Just Good, But Beautiful: Marriage is the basis of society. Child have a right to grow up in a family with a mother and father.
3
Q
What are some athetist and humanist understandings of marriage?
A
- Humanists believe sex should be based on trust and exclusive
- Most athetists agree but don’t mind multiple sexual partners
- Marriage isn’t that important
- People cohabitate before marriage
4
Q
Why is marriage still relevant to non-religious people?
A
- Marriage provides a stable legal and financial backing for a relationship (there can be problems if a cohabiting spouse dies)
- More social acceptance of the relationship
- More stable home for family
- A public ritual to declare and celebrate the couple’s love
5
Q
What are the Catholic responses to non-religious attitudes to marriage?
A
- People should refrain from sex before marriage
- Cohabitation is against God’s will
6
Q
What is the Catholic teaching about sexual relationships?
A
- It is marital (between bride and groom)
- It is unitive (for the joy, pleasure and bond of a married couple)
- It is procreative (to bring children into the world)
“The conjugal love of man and woman thus stands under the twofold obligation of fidelity and fecundity.”
6
Q
What is Catholic teaching on extramarital sexual relationships?
A
- Fornication is a sin
- God intended sex to be restricted to marriage
- Adultery is wrong as it breaks wedding vows
- Adultery is also wrong as it is prohibited by the 10 commandments and condemned by Jesus in the Gospels
7
Q
What is the Catholic attitude to same-sex relationships?
A
The Church doesn’t accept same-sex marriage or civil partnerships because:
- The Bible condemns homosexual sexual activity
- The CCC teaches that marriage is for a man and a woman to join as one and to raise a family
It is sinful to be homophobic because:
- People can’t help their sexual orientation
- Everyone has dignity as they’re made in the image of God
- The Church doesn’t refer to hetero or homo alone but homosexuals who identify as children of God
8
Q
What are some atheist and humanist attitudes to sexual relationships?
A
- All sex must be consensual
- Sex must be between people of age
- A sexual partner musn’t be a cheater
- Sex should involve a degree of stability: sexual promiscuity is frowned upon
- Sex should be safe and shouldn’t include the risk of disease and pregnancy
9
Q
Give some atheist and humanist attitudes to same-sex relationships.
A
- Changing laws have made it easier to be openly homosexual and made society more aware and accepting
- Increased openness of gay celebrities has lead to greater acceptance of gay people
10
Q
What is the Catholic response to atheist and humanist views on (same-)sexual relationships?
A
- Homosexuals should refrain from sex
- Same-sex marriages shouldn’t be legal
11
Q
What is the purpose of family to Catholics?
A
- The family was created by God as the basic unit of society and as the only place children should be brought up
- A Catholic family must instil moral values into their children so that they become good responsible citizens
- Children have a duty to care for their parents when their parents are too old or infirm to care for themselves
12
Q
What is the importance of family to Catholics?
A
- Family is the place children should learn the difference between right and wrong
- One of the purposes of marriage is to bring up children in a secure and loving Christian environment so they can come to love Jesus
- The Church teaches the family was created by God as the basic unit of society and the only place children should be brought up
13
Q
What is the Catholic response to nuclear and extended families?
A
The Catholic Church gives its blessing as they can live with Catholic law and fulfil all the needs and requirements of a Catholic Christian family
14
Q
What is the Catholic response to single parent families?
A
Pope St John Paul recommended that families with special needs should be helpd by the local church. Although its creation may be wrong, the family itself isn’t living in sin and therefore should receive mercy.
15
Q
What is the Catholic response to same-sex families?
A
They’re considered inferior to a marriage between man and woman by the Church. Also, Catholics in civil marriages can’t receive the sacraments until the marriage is validated and same-sex parents can only have had a civil marriage so.
16
Q
What is the Catholic attitude to blended families?
A
- The Church disapproves unless born through a marriage of a widow and widower.
- Divorced/separated spouses who remarry or enter new relationships have chosen a way of life contraty to the Gospel and can’t be admitted to the sacraments.
17
Q
Where is the Catholic response to different types of family found?
A
Familiaris Consortio.
18
Q
Give some non-religious ideas about family.
A
The purpose of family is to:
- Bring up children safely and securely
- To pass on moral values to the children so they become good, responsible citizens
- To provide emotional and financial support throughout life
19
Q
How does the parish try to help families?
A
- Most parishes have a local Church primary and secondary school connected to them, providing Christian teaching and worship along with standard education
- Many churches are exploring new ways to be family friendly including family-friendly worship; e.g. children’s liturgy geared to kids
- They also help families through rites of passage, the priest helps the family through baptisms, first confession and communion
- Most parish clergy also spend time reminding parents of the importance of the family and importance of keeping their marriage vows
20
Q
Give the Catholic Catechism regarding why parishes should help families out.
A
“Family catechesis preceds, accompanies, and enriches other forms of instruction in the faith. Parents have the mission of teaching their children to pray and to discover their vocation as children of God.”
21
Q
What is the importance of familial help from parishes?
A
- Raising children as Christians means taking them to church regularly requiring the church to be helpful to children
- Teaching children about christianity requires knowledge and experities in the faith parents are unlikely to have
- For Catholic families, taking part in the sacraments is essential and that requires help of the Church
22
Q
What is the Catholic teaching about artifical contraception?
A
- The Church teaches artifical methods go against God’s intentions.
- Humanae Vitae condemns all forms of artificial contraception but approved natural methods of family planing
- This is because artifical methods separate the unitive and procreative purposes of sexual intercourse
- Some contraceptives are abortifacient and so are against the teaching of the Church
23
Q
What is the Catholic teaching about natural family planning?
A
- Approved by humantive vitae as it allows the twofold nature of marital sex to stay intact
- It requires a couple to be in a loving, stable relationship as it requires planning and sufficient love and concern for the partner to give up sex at certain times of the month
24
Why do people try to control the number of kids they have?
- For the health of the mother
- To provide more food for the family unit
- To provide a better standard of living for the family unit
25
Give some divergent Christian attitudes to contraception.
All forms of contraception are okay as long as they don't stop having kids altogether because:
- Christianity is about love and justice, contraception regards women's health
- God created sex for enjoyment and to cement the bonds of marriage
- Nothing in the Bible forbids the use of contraception
- You can combat HIV/AIDS by using condoms than by expecting everyone to follow Christian rules about sex and marriage
26
What are some atheist and humanist views on contraception?
As contraception prevents unwanted children from being born, improves the material and emotional standard of living in families and prevents the spread of sexually transmitted diseases , so it must be morally right to use it.
27
What is the Catholic response to divergent views on artifical contraception?
- They disagree and issue statements to Catholic couples that they must only use natural methods of regulating births.
- They also oppose the use of condoms unless in limited situations like homosexual prostitutes.
28
What is the Catholic teaching on divorce?
- Most reasons for divorce are unacceptable as marriage is a sacrament that can't be broken
- However divorce is allowed legally (including civil divorce) if the 2 find it impossible to live together. This doesn't end the sacrament.
This is because:
- Jesus taught divorce is wrong and marriage is for life
- The couple hae made a covenant with God and *"a ratified and consummated marriage cannot be dissolved by any human power or for any reason other than death."*
29
What is the Catholic teaching on annulment?
Annulment is allowed if it can be proved to the Church's legal authorities that:
- The marriage was never consummated
- The marriage wasn't a true christian marriage because one of the partners wasn't baptised
- One of the couple wasn't fully aware of what marriage meant
- One of the spouses concealed important info e.g. infertility or a serious contagious disease
30
What is the Catholic teaching of remarriage?
As there can be no religious divorce, there's no remarriage because that = bigamy and adultery.
31
Give the divergent Christian atitudes to divorce.
Most think it's wrong, but allow it because:
- Jesus allowed it for a partner's adultery
- There's certain situations where a Christian must choose 'the lesser of two evils'
- Christians are allowed forgiveness and a new chance if they confess their sins and are truly repentant
- They teach it is better to divorce than to live in hatred
32
Give the atheist and humanist attitudes to divorce and remarriage.
- Marriage is believed to be without god for atheists and so; divorce is fine. Some atheists don't even marry, and simply cohabit, so no need for divorce.
- All married couples should have the right to divorce is they feel the marriage has failed
- Divorce should treat the spouses equally
- Divorce should make sure the children are well provided for
- Any divorced person should be treated as single
33
What is the Catholic responses to non-Catholic responses to divorce and remarriage?
They reject the criticism of the Catholic attitude and teach non-catholic attitudes are responsible for the breakdown of family life in modern society.
34
Explain situation ethics regarding divorce.
Situation Ethics bases the decisions of whether or not divorce is wrong based on the situation. They would look at the advantages and disadvantages of divorce and go with(out) the divorce based on them and their importance to the sit.
35
What is the Catholic teaching regarding the role of men and women in the family?
Men and women in the Church are of equal status; but aren't the same because women are in charge of bringing new life into the world and have the caring capacity to bring up a Christian family and so women have a crucial role in family life.
Women must discern the right balance of work, community and family.
*"It is the natural society in which husband and wife are called to give themselves in love and in the gift of life"*
36
Give divergent attitudes to the equality and roles of men and women in the family.
- Evangelical Protestants teach men and women have separate and different roles; women must bring up children and submit to their husbands while men must provide for the family and lead in the religion
- Evangelical Protestant Christians believe women should grow their hair long and heads covered in church. Men must love their wives as themselves but only men can be church leaders and teachers
- Most Protestant Churches now accept men and women are equal and should have equal roles in life and the family based on the teachings of Genesis 1
37
What are the atheist and humanist attitudes to equal roles of men and women in the family?
- Atheistic attitudes have changed drastically towards more equality based outlooks. In 1965, 85% of men agreed men and women have separate jobs. In 1989 only 32% agreed, and in 2008 only 17% agreed.
- Some non-religious people in 2008 still think men who earn more than their wives do little housework
- When women earn more than 65% of family income, their housework hours increase
- Married women must do 3-quarters of the housework
38
Why do Catholics oppose gender prejudice and discrimination?
- The Church teaches men and women should have equal roles in life and equal rights in society
- Men and women are equal according to CCC *"There exist also singufl inequalities that affect millions of men and women....in open contradiction of the Gospel"*
- According to 'Theology of the Body', there should be no gender prejudice or discrimination because God gave humans their bodies and therefore the nature of male and female bodies. Their differences should be celebrated
39
Give some examples of Catholic opposition to gender prejudice and discrimination.
The Second Vatican Council lead to Catholic women being able to:
- Study and teach in theological colleges
- Be extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion
- Visit the sick
- Read Bible readings at Mass
- Take funerals in certain circumstances
40
Give some divergent Christian attitudes to gender differences.
- Evangelical Protestants teach men and women have separate roles and so must have inequal rights in religion. They don't see this as discrimination but as the final Word of God.
- The story of Adam and Eve "supports" this because man was made first and it was woman who was lead astray.
- Liberal Protestants are opposed to any form of gender discrimination and believe men and women should have equal rights in life and Church; therefore having women ministers, priests and bishops
## Footnote
w liberals
41
What is the Catholic response to divergent responses to gender prejudice and discrimination?
- Only men being permitted to be priests isn't discriminatory because women can't fulfil a basic function of the priesthood. Women can't stand in the place of Jesus.
- It isn't a judgement on women's abilities or rights but a fact about the role of the priest in Catholicism
- Men and women are equal but their sexuality is not interchangeable - sex isn't an accident
- Jesus chose 12 men, no women, a clear deliberate choice
41
Give some athetist and humanist attitudes to gender prejudice and discrimination.
- Most atheists and all humanists believe men and women are equal and should have equal rights
- The pressure for women's equal pay and ending of sex discrimination came from non-religious politicians
- Humanists believe the Catholic Church's refusal to ordain women or have women leaders should be illegalised because it denies equal rights
