GEE PRELIMS PART 1

Question 1

2 principal catalysts of information age

Answer 1

• low cost computers
• high speed communication networks

Question 2

performs arithmetic operations by sliding counters along with rods, wires, or lines

Answer 2

ABACUS

Question 3

Handy calculation aids but only for numbers under 20

Answer 3

fingers and toes

Question 4

Tables used for quick calculations, like logarithms (e.g., 17th century logarithms for multiplication, income tax tables today)

Answer 4

MATHEMATICAL TABLES

Question 5

Machines built to automate calculations (17th-19th century)

Answer 5

MECHANICAL CALCULATORS

Question 6

A device capable of adding up to six-digit whole numbers

Answer 6

CALCULATOR

Question 7

Who built pascal’s calculator

Answer 7

Blaise pascal

Question 8

The year pascal’s calculator was built

Answer 8

1640

Question 9

handcrafted machine that can add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers

Answer 9

STEP RECKONER

Question 10

Who made the Step reckoner

Answer 10

Gottfried leibniz

Question 11

the first commercially successful calculator

Answer 11

Arithmometer

Question 12

who made the arithmometer

Answer 12

Charles Thomas de Colmar

Question 13

the world’s first printing calculator

Answer 13

Scheutz difference engine

Question 14

who made the world’s first printing calculator

Answer 14

Georg and Edvard Scheutz

Question 15

who invented the practical adding machine

Answer 15

William Burrough

Question 16

Market for calculators

Answer 16

Social Change

Question 17

A machine designed to manage sales transactions and prevent fraud

Answer 17

Cash register

Question 18

Who designed the first adding machine with printed receipts and a bell feature for sales tracking

Answer 18

James and John Ritty

Question 19

A significant development in cash register technology for merchants in 1904.

Answer 19

The national cash register

Question 20

A method for summarizing information using punched cards.

Answer 20

Punched card tabulation

Question 21

Who invented the punched card tabulation

Answer 21

Herman Hollerith

Question 22

First operational, fully electronic computer with stored programs and data.

Answer 22

Manchester baby

Question 23

world’s first commercial computer in 1951

Answer 23

FerrantiMark1

Question 24

Predicted winner of 1952 Pres. Election

Answer 24

UNIVAC

Question 25

Dominated mainframe market by mid-1960s

Answer 25

IBM

Question 26

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: Symbolic representations of machine instructions

Answer 26

Assembly language

Question 27

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: First higher-level language designed for SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS

Answer 27

FORTRAN

Question 28

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: Designed for BUSINESS applications

Answer 28

COBOL

Question 29

Allowed multiple users to divide computer time and connect to a computer via terminals

Answer 29

Time-Sharing Systems

Question 30

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: Developed at Dartmouth, easy to learn, popularly used for teaching.

Answer 30

BASIC

Question 31

Replacement for vacuum tube

Answer 31

TRANSISTORS

Question 32

These are Invented at Bell Labs (1948)

Answer 32

TRANSISTOR

Question 33

Faster, cheaper, more reliable, more energy-efficient

Answer 33

SEMI CONDUCTOR

Question 34

Semiconductor containing transistors, capacitors, and resistors

Answer 34

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

Question 35

A series of 19 computers that could run the same programs, making upgrades easier without rewriting programs

Answer 35

IBM system/360

Question 36

A computer in a single chip, invented in 1970 by Intel, which made personal computers practical

Answer 36

Microprocessor

Question 37

A popular early personal computer in 1975.

Answer 37

ALTAIR 8800

Question 38

Developments draw businesses to personal computers

Answer 38

APPLE II

Question 39

Launched by IBM, bringing businesses to personal computers

Answer 39

IBM PC

Question 40

the foundation for all subsequent inventions in telecommunications and networking.

Answer 40

ELECTROMAGNETISM

Question 41

machine used to transmit messages in the form of electrical impulses that can be converted into data

Answer 41

TELEGRAPH

Question 42

Who invented telephones

Answer 42

Alexander graham bell

Question 43

Typewriter was modified to print a message transmitted over a telegraph line

Answer 43

TELETYPE

Question 44

a wireless communication technology for transmitting audio signals

Answer 44

RADIO

Question 45

Who invented television

Answer 45

Philo Famsworth

Question 46

Data transmission over long distances.

Answer 46

Remote computing

Question 47

The first wide-area packet-switching network in 1969, it implemented the TCP/IP protocol and laid the foundation for the modern internet

Answer 47

ARPANET

Question 48

Enables users to send and receive messages in 1972

Answer 48

Email

Question 49

Who developed email

Answer 49

Ray tomlinson

Question 50

network of networks communicating using TCP/IP

Answer 50

INTERNET

Question 51

High-speed Internet connection

Answer 51

BROADBAND

Question 52

First English-language of it appeared in Great Britain in the 1600s, marking the beginning of print journalism

Answer 52

NEWSPAPER

Question 53

refers to a linked network of information nodes, allowing readers to navigate non-linearly through content

Answer 53

HYPERTEXT

Question 54

Who created the NLS (oNLine System), which introduced practical hypertext links, the mouse, etc, laying the foundation for modern computing concepts

Answer 54

Douglas Engelbart

Question 55

The first computer to integrate a bitmapped display, keyboard, and mouse in 1970.

Answer 55

XEROX ALTO

Question 56

The first commercial computer with a GUI in 1983, but failed due to high cost and slow processor

Answer 56

APPLE LISA

Question 57

Released as a faster computer with a GUI in 1984, which became commercially successful

Answer 57

APPLE MACINTOSH

Question 58

Released for IBM PCs in 1990, marking significant progress in the GUI's adoption.

Answer 58

MICROSOFT WINDOWS 3

Question 59

developed by Tim Berners-Lee on the NeXT Computer in 1990.

Answer 59

WORLD WIDE WEB

Question 60

The first widely used Web browser

Answer 60

MOSAIC

Question 61

A program that searches a database and returns documents matching user-provided keywords.

Answer 61

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