Gen Chem II: Exam 1

Question 1

study of energy and its transformations

Answer 1

thermodynamics

Question 2

heat involved in chemical and physical transformations

Answer 2

thermochemistry

Question 3

ability to do work

Answer 3

energy

Question 4

Total energy of a system appears as — and —

Answer 4

heat and work

Question 5

system can transfer heat and vapor= mass and energy exchange

Answer 5

open

Question 6

system can transfer heat= energy exchange

Answer 6

closed

Question 7

system has no transfer or exchange

Answer 7

isolated

Question 8

only depend on the state of a system, they do not depend on the path taken

Answer 8

state functions

Question 9

energy is a —

Answer 9

state function

Question 10

heat and work are or aren’t state functions?

Answer 10

aren’t state functions

Question 11

when energy is released into the surrounds, change E is —

Answer 11

negative

Question 12

when E is absorbed from the surroundings, change E is —

Answer 12

positive

Question 13

heat is released into the surroundings; give change E, Q, and exothermic or endothermic

Answer 13

change E is negative and q is negative and the reaction is exothermic

Question 14

heat is absorbed from the surroundings; give change E, Q, and exothermic or endothermic

Answer 14

change E is positive and q is position and the reaction is endothermic

Question 15

the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at different temperatures

Answer 15

heat

Question 16

measure of thermal energy

Answer 16

temperature

Question 17

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the entire sample by 1 C

Answer 17

heat capacity C

Question 18

the heat for mol to increase by 1 C

Answer 18

molar heat capacity C(molar)

Question 19

the heat for1 gram to increase by 1 C

Answer 19

specific heat capacity s

Question 20

what has the highest specific heat

Answer 20

water

Question 21

the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 21

energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed

Question 22

if w is positive, work is done — the system

Answer 22

on

Question 23

if w is negative, work is done — the system

Answer 23

by

Question 24

is enthalpy a state function?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

change in enthalpy and the change is — are approximately the same

Answer 25

E

Question 26

used to quantify heat flow into or out of a system in a process that occurs at constant pressure.

Answer 26

enthalpy H

Question 27

when heat is going out, change H is —. this is a — process

Answer 27

negative

exothermic

Question 28

when heat is going in, change H is —. This is a — process

Answer 28

positive

endothermic

Question 29

the change in enthalpy is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or many steps

Answer 29

Hess’s Law

Question 30

the enthalpy change that results when 1 mol of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states

Answer 30

standard enthalpy of formation

Question 31

the standard enthalpy of formation for any element in its standard state

Answer 31

0

Question 32

the enthalpy of a reaction carried out at 1 atm

Answer 32

standard enthalpy of reaction

Question 33

the device that measures heat transferred at constant pressure

Answer 33

calorimeter

Question 34

why is there no work done in a bomb calorimeter

Answer 34

there is no change in volume

Question 35

why can you not do work against a vacuum?

Answer 35

pressure is 0

Question 36

calorimeter at constant volume

Answer 36

bomb calorimeter

Question 37

doesn’t require a constant input of energy to occur

Answer 37

spontaneous reaction

Question 38

reactions are spontaneous in — direction

Answer 38

one

Question 39

can spontaneous reactions be either endothermic or exothermic?

Answer 39

both

Question 40

result in an increase in the degrees of freedom of the particles in the system

Answer 40

spontaneous endothermic processes

Question 41

measure of disorder

Answer 41

entropy S

Question 42

the number of possible combinations of these types of motion and its related and it is related to the entropy of a system

Answer 42

microstates W

Question 43

microstates increase with the number of —

Answer 43

particles

Question 44

is entropy conserved?

Answer 44

no

Question 45

the third law of thermodynamics

Answer 45

a perfect crystal has zero entropy at absolute zero

Question 46

change S is — if the gas increases

Answer 46

positive

Question 47

change S is — is the gas decreases

Answer 47

negative

Question 48

change S is — if the product formed has more freedom

Answer 48

positive

Question 49

for an exothermic reaction, change S is —

Answer 49

positive

Question 50

for an endothermic reaction, change S is —

Answer 50

negative

Question 51

H is always bigger or smaller than S?

Answer 51

bigger

Question 52

gives the ratio of equilibrium concentrations of chemical species

Answer 52

the equilibrium constant K(c)

Question 53

the ratio of product to reactant concentrations at any point in a reaction

Answer 53

the reaction quotient Q(c)

Question 54

at equilibrium Q= –

Answer 54

K

Question 55

indicates how close to the reaction is to equilibrium and in which direction it will spontaneously proceed to reach equilibrium

Answer 55

the value of Q

Question 56

when Q is — than K, the reaction will proceed in the forward direction until Q=K. The [product] is too low and this is a spontaneous process.

Answer 56

less than

Question 57

when Q is — than K, the reverse reaction is spontaneous. The [product] is too high. the reaction proceeds in the reverse reaction until Q=K

Answer 57

greater than

Question 58

unitless thermodynamic equilibrium constant

Answer 58

activity K

Question 59

what is the only thing that will ever change the value of K?

Answer 59

temperature

Question 60

describe an exothermic process in terms of K

Answer 60

will always have a lower K at higher temperatures

Question 61

describe an endothermic process in terms of K

Answer 61

will always have a higher K at higher temperatures

Question 62

when the surroundings loose heat (exo or endo?)

Answer 62

endothermic

Question 63

when the system gains heat (exo or endo?)

Answer 63

endothermic

Question 64

when the surroundings gain heat (exo or endo)

Answer 64

exothermic

Question 65

when the system looses heat (exo or endo)

Answer 65

exothermic

Question 66

when a gas is compressed, the work is —

Answer 66

positive

Question 67

surroundings on doing work on a system when a gas is —

Answer 67

being compressed

Question 68

when the surroundings are doing work on the system, work is —

Answer 68

positive

Question 69

when a gas is expanding, work is —

Answer 69

negative

Question 70

when the system is doing work on the surroundings, work is —

Answer 70

negative

Question 71

when the system is doing work on the surroundings, the gas is —

Answer 71

expanding

Question 72

when is the only time you calculate energy using reactants minus products

Answer 72

bond energy

Question 73

as entropy —, microstates —

Answer 73

increases

increase

Question 74

at constant pressure, q equals —

Answer 74

change H

Question 75

at constant volume, q equals —

Answer 75

change E

Question 76

name 4 situations where work would be 0

Answer 76

when there is no change in volume (when there is no change in the number of moles of gas)
a vacuum: no pressure
when there are any states besides a gas

Question 77

what is Q at standard states

Answer 77

1

Question 78

standard states

Answer 78

1 atm

1 M

Question 79

change V is a state function?

Answer 79

yes

Question 80

Q can be a ratio of — or —

Answer 80

pressure or concentration

Question 81

is Q a constant?

Answer 81

no

Question 82

is K a constant?

Answer 82

yes