Gen Chem II: Exam 3 Flashcards

(69 cards)

1
Q

what happens at the eq. pt.?

A

moles of titrant equals moles of analyte

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2
Q

when the indicator changes color

A

end point

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3
Q

how are indicators chosen?

A

they must change color near the eq. pt. pH

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4
Q

pH indicators are —

A

organic acids and dyes

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5
Q

SB/SA the pH at the eq. pt. is —

A

7

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6
Q

SA/SB before the eq. pt., pH is determined by —

A

excess acid

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7
Q

SA/SB after the eq. pt., pH is determined by —

A

excess base

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8
Q

WA/SB half eq. pt.

A

mid point

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9
Q

the mid point is located where

A

in the buffer region

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10
Q

WA/SB — equals — at the mid-point

A

pH, pKa

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11
Q

WA/SB the pH at the equivalence point is — bc —

A

greater than 7, the reaction bt the conjugate base and water

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12
Q

WA/SB before the titration begins, pH is determined by —

A

the weak acid and Ka

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13
Q

WA/SB after the titration begins, but before the eq pt, you have a — and pH can be calculated by —

A

buffer, H-H equation

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14
Q

WA/SB at the eq pt, pH is determined by the —

A

conjugate base and Kb

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15
Q

WA/SB after the eq pt, pH is determined by —

A

excess added base

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16
Q

WB/SA the pH at the eq pt is — bc of —

A

less than 7, reaction bt conjugate acid and water

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17
Q

WB/SA before the titration begins, pH is determined by —

A

weak base and Kb

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18
Q

WB/SA after the titration begins, but before the eq pt, you have a — and pH can be calculated by —

A

buffer, H-H equation (must convert to pKa)

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19
Q

WB/SA at the eq pt, pH is determined by the —

A

conjugate acid and Ka

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20
Q

WB/SA after the eq pt, pH is determined by —

A

excess added acid

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21
Q

amino acids are —

A

polyprotic acids

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22
Q

an amino acids contains a — and a — in the same molecule

A

weak acid and weak base

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23
Q

how much of a salt can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temp

A

solubility

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24
Q

units of molar solubility

A

M

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25
for a slightly soluble ionic compound in water, equilibrium bt a -- and ---
solute and aqueous ions
26
what happens when a common ion is added to an "insoluble" compound?
the equilibrium shifts to the left and the solubility decreases and a precipitate forms
27
the additions of H3O+ will --- the solubility of a salt that contains the anion of a weak acid (basic anions); the equilibrium will shift tot he ---
increase, right
28
when no more solid can dissolve
saturated
29
when Q=K
the solution is saturated and no change will occur
30
when Q > K
precipitate will form until the remaining solution is saturated
31
when Q
precipitate will not form bc the solution is unsaturated
32
used to separate a solution containing a mixture of ions
selective precipitation
33
added to the solution until the Q of the more soluble compound is almost equal to its K
precipitating ion
34
the --- soluble compound precipitates to max amt
less
35
the --- soluble compound remains in solution
more
36
need lone pair, NH3 is an example
ligand
37
consist of a central metal ion (lewis acid) covalently bonded to 2 or more anions or molecules, called ligands
complex ion
38
why are complex ions favorable?
enhances solubility of "insoluble" compounds
39
complex ion formation is a
stepwise process (Kf= Kf1 x Kf2 x Kf3 x Kf4)
40
reducing agent is ---
oxidized
41
when the oxidation number increases
oxidation
42
when the oxidation number decreases
reduction
43
oxidizing agent is ---
reduced
44
uses a spontaneous redox reaction to generate electrical energy
voltaic or galvanic cell
45
uses electrical energy to drive a nonspontaneous reaction
electrolytic cell
46
electrochemical cells
voltaic and electrolytic
47
both electrochemical cells consist of --
two electrodes placed in an electrolytic solution
48
the difference in electrical potential bt the anode and cathode is called: (3)
cell voltage, electromotive force, cell potential
49
--- will always lose mass
anode
50
--- will always gain mass
cathode
51
the voltage associated with a reduction reaction at an electrode when all solutes are 1 M and all gases are at 1 atm
standard reduction potential (E)
52
all half-cell potentials are measured relative to ---
SHE- standard hydrogen electrode
53
Ecell for spontaneous reactions
positive
54
each half-reaction contains a --- and a ---
reducing agent and a oxidizing agent
55
the --- oxidizing and reducing agents react to spontaneously form the --- ones
stronger, weaker
56
a spontaneous redox reaction will occur between a --- and ---
oxidizing agent and any reducing agent that lies below it in the emf series
57
known concentration
titrant
58
unknown concentration
analyte
59
k>1 favors ---
products
60
k
reactants
61
extensive
favors products
62
non extensive
favors reactants
63
battery
voltaic cell
64
recharger
electrolytic cell
65
cations move to ---
cathode
66
anions move to ---
anode
67
Formation constant (complex ion formation)
Kf
67
Formation constant
If
68
Kf=
[products]/[reactants]