Gender Flashcards
(16 cards)
McRobbie - Impact of Feminism - change in magazines
Compared 1970’s and 1990’s magazines, change from importance of marriage to strong independent women
Sharpe - Girls Changing
Attitudes - what do they now prioritise?
interviewed girls in 70s and 90s, change from prioritising love to prioritising career
Fuller - Girls Changing
Attitudes - ed success became a part of whose identity? What ideology did they believe in?
found educational success became a part of girl’s identity, believed in meritocracy and aimed for professional jobs that would enable them to support themselves
Beck and Beck-Gernsheim - Girls
Changing Attitudes
link to trend in individualism in today’s society, a career is part of a women’s self-project promising recognition and economic self-sufficiency
Reay - Criticism of External Factors
limited aspirations of working class girls refect the limited jobs they perceive as being available to them
Boaler - Equal
Opportunities Policy
sees the impact of equal opportunities policy as a key reason for the changes in girls’ achievement, barriers to education success have been removed and schooling is more meritocratic
Gorard - GCSE and
Coursework
the gender gap in achievement was fairly constant from 75-89, sharp increase were GCSEs and Coursework introduced, achievement gap is due to changes in assessment
Oral exams, girls perform better du to better developed language skills
Elwood - Criticism of
GCSE and Coursework
although coursework may have had some impact it cannot be the only influence on the gender gap as exams have more influence on the final grade
Francis - Teacher
Attention
boys were disciplined more harshly and felt picked on by teachers who had low expectations of them
Swann - Teacher
Attention
boys dominate whole class discussion, whereas girls prefer pair work and group work, girls better at listening and cooperating, they take turns whereas boys interrupt one another
Wiener - how have stereotypes been challenged in schools? Textbooks specifically…
since 80s, teacher have challenged stereotypes and sexist images have been removed from textbooks
Jackson - Selection & League Tables - who is more attractive to schools? (Gender)
high achieving girls are attractive to schools whereas low achieving boys are not (self-fulfilling prophecy)
Slee - Selection & League Tables - boys are less attractive why? How much more likely to be excluded?
boys are less attractive to better schools because of behaviour difficulties and they’re 4x more likely to be excluded
Archer - pupil identity - ideal female pupil
Hyper-heterosexual feminine identity: the girls invested considerable time, effort and money into constructing their feminine identity, schools “other” them, ideal pupil is de-sexualised and middle class
Having a boyfriend: having a boyfriend brought symbolic capital but got in the way of schoolwork, lowered aspirations
Being “loud”: outspoken, independent and assertive, didn’t meet expectation of “ideal female pupil” resulting in conflict with the teacher
Evans - successful wc girls - who did girls want to help by going to uni?
w/c girls wanted to go onto university but not for themselves, to increase earning power and help families
Skeggs