GENDER AND GENDER STUDIES

Question 1

What’s the gender

Answer 1

It’s a social construct specifying the socially and culturally prescribed ideas about the behaviour , actions and roles a particular sex performs.

Question 2

Is gender fluid

Answer 2

True, it can change

Question 3

What is the definition of gender by Gerda Lener

Answer 3

'’GENDER IS THE COSTUME, A MASK, A STRAIT JACKET IN WHICH MEN AND WOMEN DANCE THEIR UNEQUAL DANCE’’

Question 4

Where was gerda lener from

Answer 4

From Austria born American
women’s history author

Question 5

What’s a stereotype

Answer 5

A widely held simplified and essentialist belief about a specific group. Groups are stereotype on the basis of sex, gender, identity, race and ethnicity ,socioecnomic statuts.

Question 6

What’s GENDER EQUALITY AND HOW CAN IT BE ACHIEVED

Answer 6

Concept of all human being both men and women are free to develop their personal abilities and choices without stereotype , rigid gender roles and prejudices, UNESCO 2000

Question 7

What are prejudices

Answer 7

An unfair feeling of dislike for a person group because of race,sex,religion

Question 8

What is gender roles

Answer 8

the role or behaviour considered to be appropriate to a particular gender as determined by prevailing cultural norms.
“the emphasis on maintaining traditional gender roles”

Gender roles are a set of social norms that define what is considered appropriate behavior for men and women. These norms can vary from culture to culture, but they often include expectations about things like clothing, occupations, and relationships

Question 9

Types of gender

Answer 9

There are many different types of gender, and the way that people understand and express their gender is diverse. Some of the most common types of gender include:

Cisgender: This term refers to people whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth.
Transgender: This term refers to people whose gender identity does not align with the sex they were assigned at birth.
Non-binary: This term refers to people whose gender identity is not exclusively male or female.
Genderfluid: This term refers to people whose gender identity fluctuates over time.
Agender: This term refers to people who do not identify with any gender.
Genderqueer: This term is an umbrella term that can be used to describe people whose gender identity falls outside of the traditional male/female binary.
Two-spirit: This term is used by some Indigenous people to describe people who have both a masculine and feminine spirit.

Question 10

Statement on gender equality

Answer 10

Different behaviours , aspirations and needs of men and women are considered, valued and equally favoured, it doesn’t mean that men and women should become the same , rights responsiblities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are male or female

Question 11

What is GENDER EQUITY

Answer 11

this is fairness of treatment for women and men according to their respectives needs

Question 12

Equity LEADS to Equalityy

Answer 12

Equality is sameness ie giving everyone the same thing it only works if everyone starts from same place

Question 13

Equity LEADS to Equalityy

Answer 13

Equity is referred to as fairness ie Acess to same opportunity we must first ensure equity before leading to equality

Question 14

Why is gender an important issue in AFRICA

Answer 14

SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS
Social construction of society (we will build our society like that)
Discriminatory cultural practices
Discriminatory inheritance practices
Marriage (polygamy, rights and duties in marriage, widowhood rites, wife inheritance)
Family and community life (chores, decision-making, seclusion, stereotypes, role expectations
Reproductive health (decisions on family planning, sexuality, pro-natalism)
B-LEGAL FACTORS
-THE LAW AS A REINFORCER
customary laws are not ennacted by legislature but by customs,unwritten
State law are ennacted by legislature ie criminal law,education law

Question 15

What’s patriarchy

Answer 15

Patriarchy is a social system in which the role of the male as the primary authority figure is central to social organisation and where fathers hold authority over women, children, other men and property.

Question 16

wHAT implies the institutions of male rule and privilege and is dependent on female subordination

Answer 16

PATRIARCHY

Question 17

Where has patriarchy manifested

Answer 17

patriarchy has manifested itself in the social, legal, political and economic organisation of a range of different cultures and also influences modern civilisation

Question 18

key notes

Answer 18

In modern times societies and institutions are described as patriarchal when they have features of patriarchies

Question 19

Matrilineal inheritance systems do not disrupt patriarchy

Answer 19

Matrilineal inheritance is a system of inheritance in which property and titles are passed down through the female line. This means that property and titles are inherited by the children of a woman, regardless of the gender of the child.

Matrilineal inheritance is a relatively rare system of inheritance, but it is found in some cultures around the world. Some of the cultures that practice matrilineal inheritance include the Ashanti people of Ghana, the Minangkabau people of Indonesia, and the Trobriand Islanders of Papua New Guinea.

Question 20

WHAT IS MASCULINITY???

Answer 20

The term masculinity signifies a collective gender identity and not a natural attribute. It is socially constructed, fluid, resulting in diverse forms across different times and context, and mediated by socio-economic position, race, ethnicity, religion, age, geographic location and other local factors (Adomako Ampofo and Boateng 2007; Ratele 2002; Connell1998; Morrell, 1998a

Question 21

IS MASCULINITY A COLLECTIVE GENDER IDENTITY

Answer 21

YES

Question 22

IS MASCULINITY A NATURAL ATTRIBUTE

Answer 22

NO,FALSE

Question 23

WHAT DOES MASCULINITY CONSTITUTE

Answer 23

Masculinity defines how boys should behave, be treated, dress, appear, what they should succeed at, and what attitudes and qualities they should have

Question 24

WHO AND WHERE WAS THIS DEFINITION OF MASCULINITY MADE ‘‘Masculinity defines how boys should behave, be treated, dress, appear, what they should succeed at, and what attitudes and qualities they should have’’

Answer 24

Kamla Bhasin’s 2004 book Exploring Masculinity is a critical analysis of the concept of masculinity. Bhasin argues that masculinity is a social construct

Question 25

FORMS OF MASCULINITY ACCORDING TO kamla bhasin’s

Answer 25

-Hegemonic masculinity
-Militant masculinity .
-Working-class and bourgeois masculinity

Question 26

explain the forms of masculinity

Answer 26

*Hegemonic masculinity is the most dominant form of masculinity. It is characterized by aggression, dominance, and control. Hegemonic masculinity is often associated with power and privilege.
*
Militant masculinity is a form of masculinity that is characterized by violence and aggression. It is often associated with conflict and war.

*Working-class and bourgeois masculinity are forms of masculinity that are associated with different social classes. Working-class masculinity is often characterized by physical strength and toughness. Bourgeois masculinity is often characterized by wealth and privilege.

Question 27

'’real men’’

Answer 27

Hegemonic masculinity

Question 28

“Kwadwo Basia”

Answer 28

male with perceived feminine features and attitudes)

Question 29

In her 2010 book Gender Terrains in African Cinema, Nwachukwu Frank Diipo

Answer 29

In order to sustain itself, hegemonic masculinity is constantly on the ‘look out’ for threats against the status quo-to adjusts the balance of power to keep situation under control

Question 30

What are gender relations

Answer 30

Gender relations are the social relationships and power distribution between men and women in both the private (personal) and public spheres. They are shaped by a variety of factors, including culture, religion, economics, and politics.

Gender relations can be both positive and negative

Question 31

Element of gender relations

Answer 31

-Division of labour
.Productive and reproductive roles
.Male roles and responsibilities valued more than women’s
.Women roles and responsibilities undervalued
-Control of resources (land, power, labour, education, training, etc.)
-Gender ideologies (socialization, changing, etc.)
-Gender myths and stereotypes (“women are their own enemies,” victim blaming, e.g. in rape, women are gossips, women are weaker sex, men are cheats, men are liars

Question 32

Justifications for dealing with gender inequalities

Answer 32

*HUMAN RIGHT
*ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
*SOCIAL COHESION
*INDIVIDUAL WELL BEING

Question 33

WHAT ARE THE JUSTIFICATIONS FOR DEALING WITH GENDER INEQUALITIES

Answer 33

Development imperatives (sustainable-diversity contributes to sustainable development, people-centred development) - bringing diverse contributions in development initiatives.
Citizenship rights and the constitution (all are equal)
Gender equitable cultures (E.g. eliminate indiscriminate cultural practices, bias working cultures).

Question 34

INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES TO GENDER INEQUALITY

Answer 34

Past five decades: 4 world conferences has been held

Question 35

WHAT WERE THE 4 WORLD CONFERENCE HELD TO RESPOND TO GENDER INEQUALITY

Answer 35

-MEXICO CITY 1ST WORLD CONFERENCE
-COPENHAGEN 2ND WORLD CONFERENCE
-NAIROBI 3RD WORLD CONFERENCE
-BEIJING 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE

Question 36

WHAT WERE THE 4 WORLD CONFERENCE HELD TO RESPOND TO GENDER INEQUALITY

Answer 36

MEXICO CITY 1ST WORLD CONFERENCE on women held in 1975 organised by UNITED NATIONS commision on the status of women to coincide with international women year. The conference was attended by 133 governmental and 6000 non governmental organizations

Question 37

Achievement of mexico city world conference on gender inequality

Answer 37

-equal right for women
-strengthening of the role of women in peace and security
-The conference adopted the World Plan of Action, which is a comprehensive blueprint for achieving gender equality.

Question 38

WHAT WERE THE 4 WORLD CONFERENCE HELD TO RESPOND TO GENDER INEQUALITY

Answer 38

COPENHAGEN 1980 2nd world conference

Question 39

WHAT WERE THE 4 WORLD CONFERENCE HELD TO RESPOND TO GENDER INEQUALITY

Answer 39

NAIROBI 1985 review the progress made in the decade for women

Question 40

BEIJING 4TH WORLD CONFERENCE

Answer 40

BEIJING 1995 the most comprehensive world conference on women to date. It adopted the BEIJING DECLARATION AND PLATFORM FOR ACTION

Question 41

WHAT CONVENTION WAS ADOPTED TO ADDRESS GENDER EQUALITY

Answer 41

1979 to address gender equality.
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).

Question 42

SOME INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS in place

Answer 42

Beijing Platform for Action 1995 (+5, +10, +15, +20)
Millennium Development Goals 2000 (1,3,5)
Sustainable Development Goal 5, 2005
African Charter on Human and People’s Rights also valled banjul charter 1981,1986

Question 43

Historical Context to National Interventions-The 4th Republic

Answer 43

Constitutional Guarantees
All persons shall be equal before the law (17.1).A person shall not be discriminated against on grounds of gender, race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, creed or social or economic status (17.2) and(17.3)

The State shall afford equality of economic opportunity to all citizens; and, in particular, the State shall take all necessary steps so as to ensure the full integration of women into the mainstream of the economic development of Ghana (35.6)