STATE ACTIONS AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONS

Question 1

State actions :Legal reform

Answer 1

Intestate Succession Law, 1985 (PNDC 111): Protects the inheritance rights of spouses and children

Criminal code amendment act of 1994 and 1998 sections 69 and 314 respectively criminalizes FGM and Trokosi

The Human Trafficking Act, 2005 (Act 694)
Domestic Violence Act, 2007 (Act 732): Seeks to protect the populace against violence and abuse in homes and institutions
Property Rights of Spouses Bill

Question 2

what does criminal code section 69 states

Answer 2

it criminalizes FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

Question 3

what does criminal code section 314 staes

Answer 3

it criminalizes TROKOSI
Trokosi is a traditional practice in Ghana in which young girls are sent to live in shrines as slaves to atone for the sins of their family members. The word “trokosi” comes from the Ewe language, and means “slave of the gods.”

Question 4

HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Answer 4

ACT 694

Question 5

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 2007

Answer 5

ACT 732 PROTECTS POPULACE AGAINS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND ABUSE IN HOMES AND INSTITUTIONS

Question 6

STATE ACTIONS:POLICY REFORMS

Answer 6

Reproductive Health Policy and Strategy
Gender Policy in Agriculture
Girl-Child Education Policy

Question 7

STATE ACTIONS:POLICY REFORMS

Answer 7

Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy
-Maternity Leave policies
-Establishing Ministry for Women and Children’s Affairs** (Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection)
-Establishing of Women and Juvenile Unit (WAJU) of Police service, now called Domestic Violence Victim Support Unit (DOVVSU)

Question 8

Civil Society/Institutional Action DBRAH 1993-73

Answer 8

IT INCLUDES
-LABOUR UNIONS
-ASSOCIATIONS OF PROFFESSSIONALS
-WOMEN’S ORGANIZATION IN GHANA

Question 9

EXAMPLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ACTION

Answer 9

• GETTING VOTE
  -QUEEN’S MOTHER ASSOCIATION SUPPORTING DIFFERENT CAUSES(HIV,GIRLS SKILLS,TRAINING)
  -GETTING ACESS TO REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM
  -UNIVERSITY OF GHANA SEXUAL HARRASMENT POLICY

Question 10

INDIVIDUAL AGENCY

Answer 10

Taking legal action (e.g. Women who petitioned CHRAJ on workplace sexual harassment: FanAir, NADMO)
Taking a stand against gender discriminatory practices (e.g. Swaziland where mother of Reed Dance Bride protested)
Leaving abusive relationships
Learning new skills to improve lives

Question 11

Affirmative Action Defined

Answer 11

A set of temporary measures adopted by governments, public and private institutions such as political parties, educational establishments, corporations and companies to address a history of systemic discrimination and exclusion of particular social groups (Tsikata, 2009)

Question 12

AFFRIRMATIVE ACTION KEY POINTS

Answer 12

-Affirmative Action encourages the efforts of particular social groups in the interests of certain development goals
Affirmative Action is one of the effective tools for redressing the inequalities/injustices/discrimination against people (women

Question 13

what tool is use to reddress inequalities/injustices/discrimination/against peple (women)

Answer 13

AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONS

Question 14

Background to Affirmative Action

Answer 14

Origins: In USA to address racial discrimination. In South Africa to address racial and gender disparities after Apartheid

Question 15

WHAT AFRICAN COUNTRY WAS AFFIRMATIVE ACTION FIRST USE

Answer 15

SOuth Africa

Question 16

Quotas for gender based affirmative is based on three potentially conflicting justifications

Answer 16

*Equality
*Difference
*Symbolic value

Question 17

TYPES OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONS

Answer 17

DIRECT , INDIRECT

Question 18

DIRECT AA

Answer 18

Direct affirmative action is a type of affirmative action that explicitly takes into account the race, ethnicity, or gender of an applicant when making decisions about employment, education, or other opportunities

Question 19

INDIRECT AFFRIRMATIVE ACTIONS

Answer 19

indirect affirmative action, which takes into account factors such as socioeconomic status or educational background, which may be correlated with race or ethnicity.

Question 20

Value of affirmative Action

Answer 20

Discrimination of any form does not self correct. Instead, it perpetuates itself
Improves representation of women
Ensures a critical mass which can make a difference (e.g. 30% of women in decision making bodies)
Provides more female role models and improves awareness of the issues.
Guarantees gender balanced policy making at all levels of government.
Allows considerable skills to be brought into decision making structures.

Question 21

GROUP AGENCY

Answer 21

Agency conveys the idea that people are not passive and can change their situations through self conscious action

Question 22

Group Agency

Answer 22

The role of women’s self-help groups
Micro-finance groups , e.g. susu
Women’s cooperative, e.g. shea butter, beading, pottery, bread making, etc.
Widows support group
HIV social network groups