Gender based violence (GBV)

Question 1

Define Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and explain how it differs in humanitarian contexts compared to general settings.

Answer 1

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) refers to harmful acts directed at an individual based on their gender. In humanitarian contexts, GBV is exacerbated due to factors like displacement and lack of protection, differing from general settings where societal norms may be more stable.

GBV in humanitarian contexts often includes increased risks and vulnerabilities due to instability and the breakdown of social structures.

Question 2

Identify and explain three main drivers of GBV in humanitarian contexts.

Answer 2

• Displacement and migration
• Breakdown of social norms
• Increased economic insecurity

These drivers create environments where GBV is more likely to occur due to lack of protection and resources.

Question 3

Describe two types of sexual violence that occur in refugee settings and explain who the common perpetrators are.

Answer 3

• Rape
• Sexual exploitation
  Common perpetrators include armed groups and individuals in positions of power.

Refugee settings often lack law enforcement, leading to increased vulnerability.

Question 4

What is TFGBV (Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence)? Provide two examples of how it manifests in humanitarian contexts.

Answer 4

TFGBV refers to violence that is perpetrated through technology. Examples include:
* Online harassment
* Sharing of non-consensual intimate images

In humanitarian contexts, limited access to technology can both help and hinder the ability to report or escape GBV.

Question 5

Explain the ‘chilling effect’ that GBV has on women in politics and public life.

Answer 5

The ‘chilling effect’ refers to the discouragement women face in participating in politics and public life due to fear of violence or harassment.

This effect can lead to decreased representation of women in decision-making roles.

Question 6

Outline three challenges in addressing GBV in humanitarian settings.

Answer 6

• Limited resources and funding
• Cultural stigma surrounding GBV
• Lack of access to services and support

These challenges hinder effective intervention and support for survivors.

Question 7

Identify two international legal frameworks addressing GBV and explain their significance in protecting vulnerable populations.

Answer 7

• The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
• The Istanbul Convention

These frameworks provide legal obligations for states to prevent and address GBV, thereby protecting vulnerable populations.

Question 8

Describe the multidisciplinary approach used in Thuthuzela Care Centers and why it’s effective for GBV response.

Answer 8

The multidisciplinary approach includes medical, legal, and psychological support for survivors of GBV. This is effective as it addresses the complex needs of survivors holistically.

Thuthuzela Care Centers aim to provide a one-stop service to reduce the trauma of accessing multiple services.

Question 9

How does industrialization and modernization impact GBV? Provide two specific examples.

Answer 9

• Increased economic opportunities can lead to empowerment but also create new forms of exploitation.
• Urbanization can increase anonymity, which may lead to higher rates of violence.

Industrialization can both challenge and reinforce existing gender norms.

Question 10

Recommend three practical interventions that humanitarian organizations can implement to mitigate GBV risks in emergency settings.

Answer 10

• Establish safe spaces for women and girls
• Provide training for staff on GBV response
• Increase community awareness and engagement on GBV issues

These interventions can help create a protective environment and empower communities to address GBV.