Gender Indentity

Question 1

Margaret mead
Gender norms as relative

Answer 1

Several tribes cultures
Gender behaviour and expectations
Arapesh both were gentle and cooperative
Mundugumor violent ans aggressive
Chambri opposites . Women dominat and aggressive and not involved in child caring
Men as timid ans decorating themselves

Question 2

Hegemonic mascunility

Answer 2

Connell
Western societies
Traditional version given men dominance and power in all public and private spheres a
Alpha male breadwinner paid work as central to their identity
Values of aggression risk taking and competition
All agents of socialisation promote this ideal

Question 3

Hegemonic femininity

Answer 3

Trad
Defined by hegemonic masculinity
Women’s role are defined and restricted by men’s interest and needs
Female beauty behaviour

Question 4

Ann okay
Creation and reinforce

Answer 4

Manipulation
Canalisation
Verbal appellation

Question 5

Peer groups and femininity and masculinity

Answer 5

Sue lees
Double standards on sexual behaviour
Tern slag
Policed vs encouraged

Question 6

Peer groups and masculinity

Answer 6

Mac and ghail
3 F
Boys learn to be mine in their peer groups as skol . Policing their own and others sexuality
Hyper masculinity and macho culture
Fighting
Football
Ducking

Question 7

Media masculinity and femininity

Answer 7

Billington et al
Mass media
Women in narrow range of roles
Men performing the full range including occupational roles (high status and power )
Women as overrepresented in domestic settings
Or as sexual objects

Question 8

Media representation the male gaze

Answer 8

Laura mulvey
Camera in film focuses upon the female body
Encouraging viewers to asses their bodies and attractiveness from a male perspective
Reinforces the notion of a women worth based on her apparance

Question 9

Changing
Changing aspirations

Answer 9

Sue sharpe

Question 10

Changing
Work center end

Answer 10

Hakim

Question 11

Changing
Hyper sexual femininity

Answer 11

Griffin
Media celeb
Present difficulties and contradictory to young women
To be sassy and independent but not feminist
To be up for it and drink but not drink like men
Encouraged to look and act sexy but to distance themselves from the drunken slut

Empowering or victim of patriarchy

Question 12

The media and femininity

Answer 12

Always run like a girl campaign
Turn these phrases into positive ones
And challenge the stereotype underpinning them
Most consider like a girl to be an insult

Ban bossy
Camping regonsigung the Knick to girls confidence when called bossy
Boys called leaders
Don’t raise ur voice or speak up
I’m not bossy I’m the boss
Supported by Beyoncé

Question 13

The new man

Answer 13

1980s
Connel complicit masculinity
Accepted the social changes in gender
Less aggressive more considerate more feminine characteristics
Emotionally expensive and active role in parenting

Question 14

The metrosexual

Answer 14

Mark Simpson
Keener interest in clothes hair and personal appearance

Their identities inc resolve around their dress sense and the right look

Question 15

A crisis in masculinity

Answer 15

Mac and ghaill
A term to refer to the insecurity’s felt by working class men today
Loss of the breadwinner identity with decline of trad male industries mining steel
Cannabis research found that men felt emasculated due to their employment

Question 16

The rise of transgender identities

Answer 16

Greater social acceptance
Celebs like Caitlin Jenner
Idea that gender ans sex are less binary and more complex
The gender recognition act 2004
Allows ppl to apply to change their legal gender in the uk
Gender recognition certificate GRC
Asfter 2 years of transition
And evidence of change in lifestyle
The equality act 2010
Protect trans ppl at work , ed and as consumers