Gender Mainstreaming in Development

Question 1

__________ provide a context for gender mainstreaming initiatives in the Philippines and serve as a basis for the assessment of these initiatives

Answer 1

International instruments

Question 2

International Treatises/Standards on Gender
Equality and Human Development

Answer 2

1. UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
2. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women or CEDAW (1979)
3. Beijing Platform for Action (1994)
4. Millennium Development Goals (2000)
5. Sustainable Development Goals

Question 3

A common standard of achievements for all
peoples and all nations

Answer 3

UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

Question 4

Seeks to provide all people the same basic
human rights, regardless of sex or gender

Answer 4

UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

Question 5

Translated to over 500 languages

Answer 5

UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

Question 6

Also known as the International Bill of Rights of Women

Answer 6

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women or CEDAW (1979)

Question 7

Created by the United Nations’ Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women

Answer 7

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women or CEDAW (1979)

Question 8

The only human rights treaty which affirms the reproductive rights of women and targets culture and tradition as influential forces shaping gender roles and family relations.

Answer 8

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women or CEDAW (1979)

Question 9

any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment , or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil, or any other field.

Answer 9

Discrimination

Question 10

Following CEDAW, a state must work:

Answer 10

▪ to incorporate the principle of equality of men and women in
their legal system, abolish all discriminatory laws and adopt
appropriate ones prohibiting discrimination against women

▪ to establish tribunals and other public institutions to ensure
the effective protection of women against discrimination

▪ to ensure elimination of all acts of discrimination against
women by persons, organizations, or enterprises

Question 11

A result of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for
the Advancement of Women (1985)

Answer 11

Beijing Platform for Action (1994)

Question 12

A landmark act that recognizes the subordinate position of
women in the globe, and aims to promote and protect their
full rights while diagnosing problems related to women’s
issue

Answer 12

Beijing Platform for Action (1994)

Question 13

Asserts that women share common concerns that
can be addressed only by working together and in
partnership with men towards the common goal of
[gender] equality around the world

Answer 13

Beijing Platform for Action (1994)

Question 14

Twelve Critical Areas of Concern:

Answer 14

1. Women and poverty
2. Education and training of women
3. Women and health
4. Violence against women
5. Women and armed conflict
6. Women and the economy
7. Women in power and decision-making
8. Institutional mechanism for the advancement of women
9. Human rights of women
10. Women and the media
11. Women and the environment
12. The girl-child

Question 15

seen as the most important mechanism to fulfill the commitment made to BPfA

Answer 15

Gender mainstreaming

Question 16

The strategy for making sure that needs and rights of both
men and women are visibly considered in all policies,
programmes, strategies, research and other areas
Rodriguez & Rodriquez, 2019

Answer 16

Gender mainstreaming

Question 17

A collection of eight goals that focus on major issues of
the underprivileged people around the world

Answer 17

Millennium Development Goals (1995)

Question 18

The goals focus on reducing poverty, hunger, disease,
and gender inequality, as well as ensuring access to
water and sanitation by 2015

Answer 18

Millennium Development Goals (1995)

Question 19

Three of the eight MDGs focus on education and/or
gender:

Answer 19

• Goal 2 - “to achieve universal primary education
• Goal 3 - “to promote gender equality and empower women”
• Goal 5 - “to improve maternal health”

Question 20

Of all the sub-regions in Asia-Pacific, _____ has had the most success in meeting MDG targets.Yet, it too failed to meet some gender targets for 2015.

Answer 20

South-East Asia

Question 21

TRUE or FALSE
The roadmap to gender equality warrants broader
reframing of policies along many dimensions of gender and development

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Built from the MDGs and aimed at continuing the latter’s goals and completing targets by 2030

Answer 22

Sustainable Development Goals (2015)

Question 23

TRUE or FALSE
Gender specific targets of the SDGs include
“the end of all forms of discrimination against
all women and girls everywhere

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

A consistent theme in these international guidelines is the call for legislation, policies, and programs that promote gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. Perhaps the strict enforcement of these policies should be taken into account as well.

Answer 24

Sustainable Development Goals (2015)

Question 25

The formalization of women’s rights started during the ________, when the __________ declared the equality of women and men before the law.

Answer 25

post-Martial Law era ; 1987 Constitution

Question 26

Gender Equality Laws and Policies

Answer 26

1. 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law 2. Prohibition on Discrimination Against Women) 3. Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 4. Assistance for small-scale women entrepreneurs 5. Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 6. The Anti-Rape Law of 1997 6. Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998 7. Magna Carta of Women 8. National Women's Day 9. Ratification of the United Nations Convention in the elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 10. Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines (2007) 11. Approving & Adopting the Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development

Question 27

Signed into law on February 2019 by President Rodrigo Duterte, Republic Act 11210 or the _________ extends the previous 60-day (78 days for caesarian section delivery for women workers in the private sector) paid maternity leave to105 days.

Answer 27

105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law

Question 28

With an option to extend for an additional 30 days of unpaid leave. Additional 15 days paid maternity leave shall also be granted to __________.

Answer 28

female solo parents

Question 29

prohibits discrimination with respect to terms and conditions of employment solely on the basis of sex

Answer 29

RA 6725

Question 30

Any employer favoring a male employee over a female in terms of promotion, training opportunities, and other benefits solely on account of sex is considered discrimination

Answer 30

Prohibition on Discrimination Against Women

Question 31

An Act Defining Violence Against Women and Their Children, recognizes the need to protect the family and its members particularly women and children, from violence and threats to their personal safety and security.

Answer 31

RA 9262

Question 32

The state also recognizes the need to protect the family and its members particularly women and children, from violence and threats to their personal safety and security.

Answer 32

Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004

Question 33

The act that states the Provision of Assistance to Women Engaging in Micro and Cottage Business Enterprises, and for other purposes, was approved in February 1995.

Answer 33

RA 7882

Question 34

Seeks to provide all possible assistance to Filipino women in their pursuit of owning, operating and managing small business enterprises

Answer 34

Assistance for small-scale women entrepreneurs

Question 35

Addresses the issue of sexual harassment committed in employment, education or training environment

Answer 35

RA 7877

Question 36

Sexual favors made as a condition in the employment or granting promotions or privileges

Answer 36

Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

Question 37

The refusal to grant the sexual favor results in limiting, segregating or classifying the employee which in any way would discriminate, deprive or diminish employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect is punishable by law.

Answer 37

Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

Question 38

Any person having carnal knowledge of a woman through force, threat, or intimidation or by means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of authority will be punished

Answer 38

RA 8353

Question 39

Depending on the severity of the case, the offense may be punishable reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment

Answer 39

The Anti-Rape Law of 1997

Question 40

Declares the policy of the State to provide necessary assistance and protection for rape victims.

Answer 40

RA 8505

Question 41

The government shall coordinate its various agencies and non government organizations to work hand in hand for the establishment and operation of a rape crisis center in every province and city that shall assist and protect rape victims in the litigation of their cases and their recovery

Answer 41

Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998

Question 42

A comprehensive women's human rights law that seeks to eliminate discrimination through the recognition, protection, fulfillment, and promotion of the rights of Filipino women, especially those belonging in the marginalized sectors of the society.

Answer 42

RA 9710

Question 43

Conveys a framework of rights for women based directly on international law

Answer 43

Magna Carta of Women

Question 44

Pursuant to this law is _________ that states the approval and adoption of Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development, 1995-2025

Answer 44

Executive Order 273

Question 45

Declares the 8th day of ____ every year as a special working holiday.

Answer 45

RA 6949 ; March

Question 46

The holiday is to be observed with meaningful participation from all government agencies, local government units, and private sector employers, who must provide sufficient time and opportunities for employees to engage in activities within their offices.

Answer 46

National Women's Day

Question 47

Known as the International Bill of Rights of Women

Answer 47

Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

Question 48

CEDAW was adopted by the United Nations in _____ and took effect on _______.

Answer 48

1979 ; 3 September 1981

Question 49

The Philippines signed the CEDAW on _______ and ratified it on _________, the first ASEAN country to do so.

Answer 49

15 July 1980 ; 5 August 1981

Question 50

As of May 2015, the Convention has been ratified by ________.

Answer 50

189 states

Question 51

A set of analytical concepts and tools developed for integrating gender concerns into development programs and projects.

Answer 51

Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines (HGDG), 2007

Question 52

Ensures gender equality and women’s empowerment results in programs and projects

Answer 52

Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines (HGDG), 2007

Question 53

Directs all national government offices and instrumentalities and local government units to take appropriate steps to ensure full implementation of the policies, strategies, programs, and projects outlined in the Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development, and in consonance with PCW-NEDA- DBM Joint Memorandum Circular No. 2012-01

Answer 53

EO No. 273 Approving & Adopting the Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development (1995-2025)