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Gender & Society > Theoretical Perspectives on Gender > Flashcards

Theoretical Perspectives on Gender Flashcards

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1
Q

Sociological Theories

A
  1. Structural Functionalism
  2. Critical/Feminism
  3. Symbolic Interactionism
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2
Q

Men filled INSTRUMENTAL roles in society while women filled EXPRESSIVE roles, which worked to the benefit of society

A

Structural Functionalism

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3
Q

Wage inequalities as the result of choices women make, assuming they choose family roles that compete with their work roles, which renders them less valuable employees from the managerial standpoint

A

Structural Functionalism

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4
Q

Society is structured by relations of power and
domination among social groups (e.g., women versus men) that determine access to scarce resources

A

Critical Sociology

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5
Q

Social problems and contradictions are created when dominant groups exploit or oppress subordinate groups

A

Critical Sociology

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6
Q

when women become wage earners, they can gain power in the family structure and create more democratic arrangements in the home, although they may still carry the majority of the domestic burden

A

Critical Sociology

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7
Q

A type of critical sociology that examines the maintenance of gender roles and inequalities in gender-related issues

A

Feminist Theory

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8
Q

considers the role of the family in perpetuating male dominance

A

Radical feminism

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9
Q

Coined by Dorothy Smith

A

Bifurcation of Consciousness

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10
Q

Bifurcation of Consciousness is coined by ______

A

Dorothy Smith

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11
Q

A disconnect between their personal experiences and the way the world is represented by society as a whole (masculine point of view)

A

Bifurcation of Consciousness

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12
Q

Subordinate groups are conditioned to view the world from the perspective of the dominant group

A

Bifurcation of Consciousness

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13
Q

Aims to understand human behavior by
analyzing the critical role of symbols in human
interaction

A

Symbolic Interactionism

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14
Q

TRUE or FALSE
The meanings attached to symbols are socially created and not natural, and fluid, not static, we act and react to symbols based on the current assigned meaning

A

TRUE

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15
Q

who developed the concept of the looking-glass self?

A

C. H. Cooley

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16
Q

This concept suggests that one’s determination of self is based mainly on the view of society

A

looking-glass self

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17
Q

If society perceives a man as masculine, then
that man will perceive himself as masculine

A

looking-glass self

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18
Q

According to _______ and _______, when people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them, they are said to be doing gender

A

Zimmerman and West

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19
Q

Psychological Theories

A
  1. Psychoanalytic Theory
  2. Social Learning theory
  3. Cognitive-Developmental Theory
  4. Gender Schema theory
  5. Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology
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20
Q

A psychological theory originated by Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalytic Theory

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21
Q

a stage theory of __________, each stage being characterized by focus on one of erogenous zones

A

psychosexual development

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22
Q

area of the body that are sensitive to sexual stimulation (e.g. lips, mouth, genitalia, etc.)

A

Erogenous zones

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23
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Development

A
  1. Oral Stage
  2. Anal Stage
  3. Phallic Stage
  4. Latency Stage
  5. Genital Stage
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24
Q

Primary Narcissism or Self-Love

Study These Flashcards
A

Oral Stage (Birth to One Year Old)

25
Frustration or overindulgence leads to alcoholism
Oral Stage (Birth to One Year Old)
26
center of child’s sexual interest
Anal zone
27
People who are fixated at this age are grasping and stingy
Anal Stage (1-3 Years Old)
28
The stage where the development of boys and girls diverge
Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old)
29
Greatest source of pleasure is coming from sex organ
Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old)
30
Child desires the parent of the opposite sex
Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old)
31
boys desiring mothers
Oedipus Complex
32
girls desiring their fathers
Electra Complex
33
Girls experience penis envy
Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old)
34
the boy represses his sexual desire with the mother and starts identifying with the father
Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old)
35
Children turn their attention to people outside their families
Latency Stage (6-11 Years Old)
36
Children possess composure and self-control
Latency Stage (6-11 Years Old)
37
Focus on the opposite sex
Genital Stage
38
Look around for potential love partner
Genital Stage
39
Criticisms of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
▪ Concepts cannot be evaluated scientifically. ▪ His ideas are almost exclusively from work with patients who sought therapy. ▪ Over-emphasized biological determinants of behavior. ▪ His theory is phallocentric.
40
Emphasizes the role of reinforcement, punishment, imitation, and observational learning as key mechanisms in development
Social Learning Theory
41
emphasizes the importance of imitation and observational learning
Social Learning Theory
42
People doing what they see others doing
Imitation
43
Observe someone doing something and then doing it at a later time
Observational Learning
44
The acquisition of gender-typed behaviors and learning of gender roles
Gender-typing
45
Also known as social cognitive theory
Cognitive Social Learning Theory
46
Emphasis on reinforcement, punishment and imitation remains but cognitive processes
Cognitive Social Learning Theory
47
Cognitive process that weeds out most of the behaviors that are irrelevant to the child and focuses on the few that are most relevant
Attention
48
A person’s belief in their ability to accomplish a particular task
Self-efficacy
49
Who pioneered the realm of gender development?
Jean Piaget & Barbel Inhelder
50
Who theorized that gender constancy is critical to children’s gender development?
Lawrence Kohlberg
51
A process that begins with acquiring gender identity or knowing their own gender
Gender Constancy
52
despite possible changes in appearance, they know that its essence remains the same
Gender Constancy
53
A feminist social cognitive perspective developed by __________
Sandra Bem
54
The development process of gender typing or gender role acquisition in children
Gender Schema Theory
55
The application of Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory to understand the social behavior of animals including people
Sociobiology
56
behaviors or other investments in the offspring by the parent that increase the offspring’s chance of survival
Parental Investment
57
the processes by which the members of one gender (usually males) compete with each other for mating with members of another gender (usually females), who, in turn, choose to mate with only the preferred members of the first gender (males)
Sexual Selection
58
emphasizes the evolved psychological mechanisms related to sexuality and explains certain psychological differences
Sexual strategies theory

Gender & Society (6 decks)

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