GENDER SCHEMA THEORY (COGNITIVE)

Question 1

WHO DEVELOPED GENDER SCHEMA THEORY

Answer 1

MARIN AND HALVERSON

Question 2

WHAT DO THEY BELIEVE

Answer 2

SHARE SAME ACCOUNT THAT UNDERSTANDING OF GENDER INCREASES WITH AGE ALSO SHARE KOHLBERGS VIEW THAT CHILDREN DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING OF GENDER BY ACTIVELY STRUCTURING THEIR OWN LEARNING RATHER THAN PASSIVELY OBSERVING AND IMITATING ROLE MODEL

Question 3

WHAT IS A GENDER SCHEMA

Answer 3

THEY ARE MENTAL CONSTRUCTS THAT DEVELOP VIA EXPERIENCE AND ARE USED BY OUR COGNITIVE SYSTEM TO ORGANISE KNOWLEDGE AROUND TOPICS A GENDER SCHEMA IS A GENERALISED REPRESENTATION OF EVERYTHING WE KNOW IN RELATION TO GENDER AND GENDER-APPROPIATE BEHAVIOUR

Question 4

CHILDREN HAS ESTABLISHED GENDER IDENTITY AT WHAT AGE?

Answer 4

2-3 THEY SEEK OUT INFO THAT ENCOURAGES DEVELOPMENT OF GENDER SCHEMA

Question 5

HOW ARE CHILDREN SCHEMAS FORMED

Answer 5

CHILDRENS SCHEMAS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE FORMED THROUGH STEROTYPES AND THESE FRAME WORKS PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK & AS WELL AS THE CHILDS UNDERSTANDING OF ITSELF

Question 6

BY 6 THE CHILD HAS….

Answer 6

A FIXED AND STEREOTYPICAL UNDERSTANDING IDEA ABOUT WHAT IS APPROPRIATE FOR ITS GENDER, CHILDREN DISREGARD INFO THAT DOESNT FIR INTO THEIR EXISTING SCHEMAS

Question 7

INGROUPS

Answer 7

CHILDREN HAVE BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE SCHEMA THAT ARE APPROPIATE TO THEIR OWN GENDER

Question 8

OUTGROUPS

Answer 8

CONSISTENT TO THE IDEA THAT CHILDREN PAY MORE ATTENTION TO INFO RELEVANT TO THEIR GENDER IDENTITY RATHER THAN THE OPPOSITE SEX , INGROUPP IDENTITY SERVE TO BOLSTER THE CHILDS LEVEL OF SELF ESTEEM

Question 9

WHAT AGE DO THEY DEVELOP ELABORATE SCHEMAS

Answer 9

AGE OF 8 THAT CHILD DEVELOPS ELABORATE SCHEMAS FOR BOTH GENDER

Question 10

MARTIN AND HALVERSON

Answer 10

CHILDREN UNDER 6 WERE MORE LIKELY TO REMEMBER PHOTOS OF GENDER CONSTANT BEHAVIOURS THAN GENDER INCONSISTENT BEHAVIOURS WHEN TESTED A WEEK LATER, CHILDREN TEND TO CHANGE THE SEX OF THE PERSON CARRING OUT THE GENDER INCONSISTENT BEHAVIOUR WHEN ASKED TO RECALL SUPPORTS THE IDEA THAT CHILDREN DISTORT TO FIT INTO EXSISTING GEDNER SCHEMAS

Question 11

MARTIN AND LITTLE

Answer 11

FOUND THAT CHILDREN UNDER 4 SHOWED NO SIGNS OF GENDER STABILITY OR CONSTANCY NETHER THE LESS DEMONSTARTED STRONGLY SEX TYPED BEHAVIOURS AND ATTITUDES, CONTRASTS WITH KOHLBERGS THEORY BUT IS CONSTANT WITH THE PREDICTIONS OF GENDER SCHEMAS THEORY BECAUSE IT SUGGESTS CHILDREN AS YOUNG AS 2 HAVE ESTABLISHED GENDER IDENTITY

Question 12

KEY ASSUMPTIONS OF THE THEORY ARENT SUPPORTED

Answer 12

IT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO CHANGE CHILDS BEHAVIOURS BY CHANGING THIER SCHEMA STERYOTYPES, HOWEVER IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO CHANGE BEHAVIOUR EVEN IF CERTAIN BELIEFS ARE HELD, REFLECTED THROUGH THE FACT MANY MARRIED COUPLES HAVE STRONG BELIEFS RELATED TO EQUALITY OF SEXES AND EQUAL DIVISON OF LABOUR IN THE HOME BUT RESEARCH SUGGESTS THIS BARELY HAS AN EFFECT ON THEIR BEHAVIOUR

Question 13

HOFFMAN (1998)

Answer 13

FOUND THAT CHILDREN WHOSE MOTHERS WORK HAVE LESS STEREOTYPED VIEWS OF WHAT MEN DO. THIS SUGGESTS THAT CHILDREN ARE NOT ENTIRELY FIXED ON GENDER SCHEMAS AND CAN TAKE ON SOME GENDER INCONSISTENT IDEAS. FURTHERMORE, EISENBERG ET AL FOUND THAT 3-4 YEAR OLDS JUSTIFIED THEIR GENDER SPECIFIC CHOICE OF TOYS WITHOUT REFERENCE TO GENDER STEREOTYPES.

Question 14

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

Answer 14

GENDER SCHEMA THEORY CANNOT EXPLAIN WHY DIFFERENT CHILDREN WITH MUCH OF THE SAME ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES RESPOND DIFFERENTLY TO GENDER APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOUR. FOR EXAMPLE, THIS THEORY CANNOT EXPLAIN WHY SOME GIRLS MAY PREFER ACTION FIGURES AND SOME BOYS MAY PREFER BARBIES. THIS MAY BE DUE TO BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES SUCH AS GENES AND HORMONES, WHICH THE GENDER SCHEMA THEORY IGNORES.