Gender, subject choice and identity Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are subject choices in different parts of the education system?
National curriculum
design and tech is compulsory, girls tend to choose graphics and resistant materials
AS and A levels
Boys more often opts for maths and physics whilst girls opt for sociology, English and foreign languages
Vocational courses
Boys tend to opt for construction, ICT and engineering whilst girls for retail business and health and social care.
What does Norman say about gender role socialisation?
From an early age boys and girls are treated differently.
What did Byrne argue?
Teachers encourage boys be tough and girls are expected to be quiet and helpful.
Because of this genders develop different tastes in reading, leading to differences in subject choice.
Boys read informative texts whilst girls read stories about people.
What are gender domains?
Tasks and activities that genders see as male or female ‘territory’
What do Browne and Ross argue about gender domains?
Children’s beliefs about domains are shaped by early expectations of adults and experiences
Children more confident when engaging in tasks more suited to their domain.
What did Murphy argue?
Genders pay attention to different details when tackling the same tasks
Girls focus more on eon feelings and emotions
Boys more focused on how things work
What does Kelly argue about gendered subject images?
Science is seen as a boys subject.
Science teachers are mostly men
Examples of teachers use draw on the experiences if boys more than girls
In science lessons bus dominate the lab acting as if it’s theirs.
What did Leonard find about single sex schooling?
Compared to pupils in mixed schools
Girls in girls schools were more likely take maths and science alevels while boys in boys schools were more likely to take English
What does Paechter argue about gender identity and peer pressure?
Pupils see sport as a male domain meaning girls who are sporty have to cope with an image that does conform to gender stereotypes.
This may result in them being targeted or labelled as ‘butch’
What is argued about gendered career opportunities?
Employment is higher gendered
Jobs are sex typed as mens or women’s jobs.
Women’s jobs often involve work similar to expressive role
Mens jobs often involve work similar to instrumental role
What is argued about vocational choice and class?
WC pupils may make decisions about vocational courses that are based on their traditional sense of gender identity.
Ambitions might arise out of work experience placements which are often gendered and classed.
What did Fuller find about vocational choice and class?
Found that placements in WC jobs like childcare and retail were the norm for girls in school that she studied
School implicitly steer WC towards certain types of ob
Explaining them choosing certain vocational courses.
What is hegemonic masculinity?
The dominance of heterosexual masculine identity and the subordination of female and gay identities
What did Lees find about double standards and sexual identities?
Relating to sexual morality in which boys boast about their sexual exploits/endeavours but call a girl a slag if she doesn’t have a stable relationship or if she appears a certain way.
Sexual conquest gain boys status from male peers but promiscuity amongst girls attract negative labels.
Feminists - example of patriarchal ideology that justifies male dominance, devaluing women.
What did Connell say about verbal abuse?
Rich vocabulary of abuse reinforces gender and sexual identities
Boys use name culling to put girls down if they behave or dress in certain ways
What does Paechter argue about verbal abuse?
Name calling is helping to shape gender identity and maintaining male power
What do Mac and Ghaill argue?
The male gaze
Form of surveillance through which dominant heterosexual masculinity is reinforced and being feminine is devalued
What do Epstein and Willis argue about male peer groups?
Boys in the anti school subcultures accuse hardworking boys of being gay
What do Mac and Ghail argue about male peer groups?
Peer groups reproduce different class based masculine gender identities
‘Macho lads’
In their study were dismissive of other working class boys who worked hard (dickhead achievers)
Where as middle class ‘real englishmen’ showed an image of effortless achievement
What did Ringrose study and find about female peer groups?
Being popular was crucial to girls identity
Girls made the transition from friendship culture into dating culture they faced tension between
. Idealised feminine identity of showing loyalty to female peer group being non competitive
. A sexualised identity that involved competing for other boys.
What did Currie argue about female peer groups?
It is a crucial balancing act between
. Girls who are too competitive/think about themselves above their peer group are victim to slut shaming
. Girls who don’t compete are labelled as frigid.
What did Haywod find about teachers and discipline?
Male teachers told boys off for behaving like girls
Teasing them when they obtained lower marks than girls.
Teachers ignore verbal abuse of girls and blamed girls for attracting it
What do Askew and Ross argue about male teachers?
Male teachers have protective attitude toward female colleagues
‘Rescuing’ them from out of control pupils
