Social class (external factors) Flashcards
(31 cards)
What did the Center for longitudinal studies look at?
Children’s intellectual development
By the age of 3 the middle class children were one whole year ahead of the working class children.
How do most of us acquire our basic attitudes, values and skills?
Primary socialisation
What is cultural deprivation within education?
Lacking cultural equipment needed to succeed in education.
What do cultural deprivation theorists argue about working class families?
They fail to socialise heir children adequately, so they grow up culturally deprived.
What did Bernstein argue?
There are differences between working class and middle class language that influences achievement
Elaborated code
Restricted code
What is elaborated code?
Wide vocab
Based on longer, more grammatically complex sentences
Abstract ideas and context free
Middle class
What is restricted code?
Limited vocab
Based on use of short, unfinished and grammatically simple sentences
Speech is unpredictable
Single word or just a gesture
Working class
What do Douglas and Feinstein argue about parents education?
Working class parents often placed less value on education, leading to less encouragement and support for their children.
Educated parents make a positive contribution to a Childs achievement, regardless of their income level, by providing greater support and motivation.
What is middle class parenting like?
Consistent discipline
High expectations encouraging more active learning
More aware of how to help their children to succeed
eg reading to them and involved in schooling
What do Bernstein and Young argue about how both classes spend income differently?
Middle - On more educational toys and more nutritious food
Working - Lack resources to spend on educational toys
What is working class parenting like?
Harsh/inconsistent discipline
Preventing children learning independence/self control
Less likely to get involved in children’s schooling, no time to read/teach educational skills
What does Sugarman argue?
Working class have 4 distinct subcultures
Fatalism
Collectivism
Immediate gratification
Present time orientation
What does each of Sugarmans subcultures mean?
Immediate gratification - Seeking materisl rewards now rather than later
Fatalism - Accepting social class status and there is nothing you can do about it
Collectivism - Valuing being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual
Present time orientation - Seeing present as more important
What is an evaluation of Cultural deprivation?
Programmed exist yo tackle cultural dep by providing extra resources to schools and communities in deprived areas
AO2 - Operation head start - sesame street
What does Keddie argue about the myth of cultural deprivation?
It is a victim blaming explanation
Working class children are not deprived, they are just culturally different
They fail because education is dominated by middle class values
Rather than seeing WC culture as deficient, schools should recognise teachers anti working class prejudices
What do Troyna and Williams argue against Bernsteins speech codes?
The problem is not the Childs language but the schools attitudes towards it.
Teachers have a speech hierarchy.
What do Blackstone and Mortimore argue?
WC parents don’t engage with their children education out of choice pr lack of interest but because they work longer/less regular and consistent hours or are put off by the schools middle class culture.
What is material deprivation?
Poverty and lack of material necessities.
What does Flaherty argue about poverty and achievement?
Poverty is closely linked to educational underachievement
Found money problems in the family are a significant factor in children’s non attendance at school
What examples of material deprivation in housing?
Overcrowding
Temporary accommodation
Crowded homes
Cold/damp housing
What does Howard argue about diet and health?
Young people from poorer backgrounds have poor nutrition
Leading to ill health meaning mire absences from school and concentrating in class
What does Wilkinson say about diet and heath?
The lower the social class the higher the rate of mental health difficulties
What do Bladen and McLaughlin argue?
Low income children are more likely to externalise their behaviour
eg fighting leading to exclusions
What are criticisms of material deprivation?
Social policies in place to fix hosing difficulties eg housing association
Renter rights - prevents damp and cold housing
Free school meals aiming to prevent poor nutrition
Child support assists with poor diet and health more children specially.
