Gene Expression and Cell Division

Question 1

individual proteins that assist RNA polymerase

Answer 1

activators

Question 2

repressor proteins bind to these DNA sequences

Answer 2

silencers

Question 3

DNA sequences that assist transcription

Answer 3

enhancers

Question 4

a large group of proteins that assist in transcription

Answer 4

transcription factors

Question 5

a type of protein that prevents transcription

Answer 5

repressors

Question 6

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is copied and added

Answer 6

duplication

Question 7

sex cells (sperm or egg)

Answer 7

gamete

Question 8

segment of a gene that codes for amino acids

Answer 8

exons

Question 9

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is flipped backwards

Answer 9

inversion

Question 10

an organism or cell that has an extra chromosome

Answer 10

trisomy

Question 11

a situation where a gamete has an extra chromosome

Answer 11

nondisjunction

Question 12

a type of protein that prevents transcription

Answer 12

repressor

Question 13

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is transferred to a non-homologous chromosome

Answer 13

translocation

Question 14

repressor proteins bind to these DNA sequences

Answer 14

silencers

Question 15

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is lost

Answer 15

deletion

Question 16

a mutation in a germ cell (gamete) which will be present in every offspring cell

Answer 16

germ mutation

Question 17

organisms or cells that have one of each type of chromosome

Answer 17

haploid

Question 18

a segment of a gene that does not code for amino acids

Answer 18

introns

Question 19

DNA wraps around these clusters of 8 histone proteins

Answer 19

nucleosomes

Question 20

a large group of proteins that assist in transcription

Answer 20

transcription factors

Question 21

a set of chromosomes sorted by size

Answer 21

karyotype

Question 22

sticking together pieces of DNA or RNA through new covalent bonds

Answer 22

splicing

Question 23

individual proteins that assist RNA polymerase

Answer 23

activators

Question 24

a mutation in a somatic cell (body cell) which is not inherited

Answer 24

somatic mutation

Question 25

a mutation that does not change the phenotype of the organism

Answer 25

silent mutation

Question 26

DNA sequences that assist transcription

Answer 26

enhancers

Question 27

organisms or cells that have a pair of each type of chromosome

Answer 27

diploid

Question 28

organisms or cells that have multiple pairs of each type of chromosome

Answer 28

polyploid

Question 29

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is transferred to a non-homologous chromosome

Answer 29

translocation

Question 30

a mutation in a germ cell (gamete) which will be present in every offspring cell

Answer 30

germ mutation

Question 31

organisms or cells thast have one of each type of chromosome

Answer 31

haploid

Question 32

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is lost

Answer 32

deletion

Question 33

segment of a gene that does code for amino acids

Answer 33

exons

Question 34

a mutation that does not change the phenotype of the organism

Answer 34

silent mutation

Question 35

sticking together pieces of DNA or RNA through new covalent bonds

Answer 35

splicing

Question 36

a chromosome mutation where a segment of chromosome is transferred to a non-homologous chromosome

Answer 36

translocation

Question 37

chromosomes 1 to 22

Answer 37

autosomes

Question 38

first stage of mitosis, chromatin condense

Answer 38

prophase

Question 39

mutation that affects body cells and is not passed to offspring

Answer 39

somatic mutations

Question 40

chromosomes that determine the gender of an individual

Answer 40

sex chromosomes

Question 41

most of the growth and activity of the cell occurs in this phase

Answer 41

G1 phase

Question 42

cells that have many copies of each chromosome

Answer 42

polyploid

Question 43

a section of a gene that does not code for a protein

Answer 43

introns

Question 44

these are found at the centromeres and they pull on spindle fibers

Answer 44

kinetochore

Question 45

4th stage of mitosis...chromosomes are moved to the poles of the cell

Answer 45

anaphase

Question 46

structure that links two chromatids together

Answer 46

centromere

Question 47

mutation that affects reproductive cells and therefore offspring

Answer 47

germ mutation

Question 48

a section of a gene that codes for a protein

Answer 48

exons

Question 49

fifth stage of mitosis...new nuclear membranes form around the chromosomes

Answer 49

telophase

Question 50

the two identical parts of a chromosome

Answer 50

chromatids

Question 51

DNa and protein clusters in a cell

Answer 51

chromosomes

Question 52

a mistake in meiosis that can produce offspring with an extra chromosome

Answer 52

nondisjunction

Question 53

the cell copies its DNA

Answer 53

S phase

Question 54

process where the cytoplasm of the cell separates into two new cytoplasms

Answer 54

cytokinesis

Question 55

the time from one cell division to the next cell division

Answer 55

cell cycle

Question 56

set of chromosomes that can be sorted by size

Answer 56

karyotype

Question 57

third stage of mitosis...chromosomes line up in the middle

Answer 57

metaphase

Question 58

the array of microtubule proteins that forms during prophase

Answer 58

mitotic spindle

Question 59

material of a chromosome which is DNA wrapped around proteins

Answer 59

chromatin

Question 60

part of a chromomsome is swapped with a non-homologous chromosome

Answer 60

translocation