Gene Expression Definitions Flashcards
(18 cards)
DNA stands for…
DeoxyriboNucleicAcid
What is DNA?
A nucleic acid that contains the genetic material used in the functioning of all living organisms.
RNA stands for…
RiboNucleicAcid
What is RNA?
RNA, single-stranded chain of alternating phosphate and ribose units with the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil bonded to the ribose. RNA molecules are involved in protein synthesis and sometimes in the transmission of genetic information.
Describe differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA is found in the nucleus, whereas RNA is found in the nucleus AND cytoplasm.
The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, whereas in RNA is ribose.
DNA bases are A, T, C,G and RNA bases are A, Uracil, C, G.
What is the role of DNA?
Medium of long-term storage and transmission of genetic information
What is the role of RNA?
RNA transfers the genetic code needed for the creation of proteins (from the nucleus to the ribosome). This process prevents DNA from having to leave the nucleus, so it stays safe.
What is a unique feature of DNA?
The body protects DNA - it destroys enzymes that cleave DNA.
DNA can be damaged by exposure to UV rays.
What is a unique feature of RNA?
RNA strands are continually made, broken down, and reused.
RNA is more damage resistant to UV rays.
Structure of DNA is…
A double stranded molecule with a long chain of nucleotides (double helix)
Structure of RNA is..
A single-stranded molecule, has a shorter chain of nucleotides.
Bases and sugars of DNA
Long polymer: has deoxyribose and phosphate backbone, four different bases, A,T,C,G
Bases and sugars of RNA
Polymer: ribose and phosphate backbone and four different bases; A, U, G ,C
Base pairing of DNA
A - T
C - G
Base pairing of RNA
A - U
C - G
Describe the stability of DNA
Deoxyribose sugar in DNA is less reactive because of C-H bonds.
Describe the stability of RNA
Ribose sugar is more reactive because of C-OH (hydroxyl) bonds.
What are the 3 types of RNA?
mRNA - messenger
tRNA - transfer
rRNA - ribosomal
