General

Question 0

This CNS disorder is a speech disorder. It is caused by muscle weakness and is characterized by poor strength, ROM, and/or speed.

Answer 0

Dysarthria

Question 1

This CNS disorder is a language disorder. It is usually due to a neurological impairment in the left hemisphere, and affects receptive and expressive language.

Answer 1

Aphasia

Question 2

This CNS disorder is a speech disorder. It is characterized by poor coordination and execution.

Answer 2

Apraxia

Question 3

This CNS disorder is caused by diffuse brain damage resulting in cognitive dysfunction. Affected areas include attention, memory, organization, planning, and executive function.

Answer 3

TBI

Question 4

This CNS disorder is characterized by poor spatial awareness and pragmatics. It also presents with poor recognition of the self and others. May result in left-hand neglect.

Answer 4

Right-Hemisphere Syndrome

Question 5

This CNS disorder is a memory disorder. It can have a gradual or sudden onset, and often presents with behavioral changes as well.

Answer 5

Dementia

Question 6

Accumulation of a plug of material at a specific site in a blood vessel. If it grows large enough to occlude a cerebral artery it can cause a stroke.

Answer 6

Thrombosis

Question 7

A fragment that travels through a blood vessel. If it lodges and occludes an artery it can cause a stroke.

Answer 7

Embolus

Question 8

A temporary disruption of cerebral circulation that causes a short-term disturbance of motor, sensory, or mental functions.

Answer 8

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Question 9

Balloon-like bulges in an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall. They are susceptible to hemorrhaging.

Answer 9

Aneurysm

Question 10

Bleeding. Can be the result of a burst aneurysm.

Answer 10

Hemorrhage

Question 11

Accumulation of blood from a hemorrhage.

Answer 11

Hematoma

Question 12

Convoluted collections of weak, thin-walled veins and arteries on the brain’s surface or within the brain.

Answer 12

Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

Question 13

Enlargement of the cerebral ventricles. Usually caused by obstruction of an intraventricular passageway but also can be a result of brain atrophy.

Answer 13

Hydrocephalus

Question 14

Displacement of brain tissue by swelling or space-occupying lesions such as tumors or brain abscesses.

Answer 14

Herniation

Question 15

Three features which affect the severity of an impairment.

Answer 15

Location, Magnitude, and Nature

Question 16

These cells form the supporting tissue of the brain. Most of the cells of the brain are this type.

Answer 16

Glial cells

Question 17

The neuron-rich outer layer of the brain hemispheres. Responsible for “higher mental processes” (thinking, reasoning, calculating, etc).

Answer 17

(Cerebral) Cortex

Question 18

A deep groove that divides each brain hemisphere into roughly equal front and back halves.

Answer 18

Central Sulcus/Fissure (aka Rolandic fissure; fissure of Rolando)

Question 19

A deep groove that separates the temporal lobe in each hemisphere from the frontal and parietal lobes.

Answer 19

Lateral Sulcus/Fissure (aka Sylvian fissure; fissure of Sylvius)

Question 20

A deep groove that separates the parietal and occipital lobes in both hemispheres.

Answer 20

Parieto-occipital Sulcus

Question 21

A deep groove in the occipital lobe of each hemisphere. It is adjacent to the visual cortex.

Answer 21

Calcarine Fissure

Question 22

The two brain hemispheres. Together with the diencephalon it’s what we call the “brain.” Controls all voluntary actions.

Answer 22

Cerebrum

Question 23

A deep central region within the brain hemispheres. Contains the thalamus and basal ganglia. It plays an important part in the regulation and integration of motor activity and sensory experience.

Answer 23

Diencephalon

Question 24

The major commissure connecting the brain hemispheres. Almost all neural communication between the hemispheres goes via this structure.

Answer 24

Corpus Callosum

Question 25

A pair of egg-shaped nuclei in the diencephalon. They are important for integration of sensory information, for regulating motor behavior, and they may regulate the overall activity of the cortex.

Answer 25

Thalamus

Question 26

A portion of the brain located within the diencephalon that contains a number of small nuclei. It is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 26

Hypothalamus

Question 27

A paired structure of the limbic system. It regulates heartbeat and other visceral functions. Processes aggressive and sexual behavior, as well as fear.

Answer 27

Amygdala

Question 28

A paired structure of the limbic system. It is responsible for converting short-term memory into long-term memory.

Answer 28

Hippocampus

Question 29

Several nuclei in the diencephalon, near the thalamus. They are responsible for regulation of major muscle groups that make postural adjustments and compensate for inertial forces during movement.

Answer 29

Basal Ganglia

Question 30

A structure that looks like a miniature brain and lies beneath the posterior temporal lobes. It is important in integration and coordination of volitional movements.

Answer 30

Cerebellum

Question 31

A stalk-like structure at the base of the brain, atop the spinal cord. It contains cue terms that regulate some vital functions and contains most cranial nerve nuclei.

Answer 31

Brainstem

Question 32

The upper third of the brainstem, this is responsible for vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, alertness, and temperature regulation.

Answer 32

Midbrain

Question 33

The middle third of the brainstem, this contains three cranial nerve nuclei plus some nuclei concerned with balance and hearing.

Answer 33

Pons

Question 34

The bottom third of the brainstem, this contains five cranial nerve nuclei plus some centers concerned with hearing and balance. Pyramidal tract fibers decussate (cross the midline) here.

Answer 34

Medulla

Question 35

These cells form myelin in the CNS.

Answer 35

Oligodendrocytes

Question 36

These cells form myelin in the PNS.

Answer 36

Schwann Cells

Question 37

Neurotransmitter that mediates platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, control of food intake, peristalsis, and mood.

Answer 37

Seratonin

Question 38

Neurotransmitter that regulates the sympathetic nervous system affecting the rate if contractions of the heart.

Answer 38

Norepinephrine

Question 39

Neurotransmitter that plays important roles in motor control, motivation, arousal, cognition, and reward.

Answer 39

Dopamine

Question 40

The membranes between the skull and the brain. Consists of dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.

Answer 40

Meninges

Question 41

The outermost and toughest layer of the meninges.

Answer 41

Dura Mater

Question 42

The middle layer of the meninges. It is weblike in structure and allows for movement of the brain.

Answer 42

Arachnoid

Question 43

The thinnest layer of the meninges which lies on the surface of the brain, closely encasing it like Saran Wrap.

Answer 43

Pia Mater