General Flashcards
(133 cards)
이름
Name
Common Usages 이름이 뭐예요? = What is your name? 제 이름은 \_\_이에요 = My name is\_\_ 이름을 개명하다 = to change to one’s name 이름을 쓰다 = to write one’s name 이름을 부르다 = to call one’s name
Examples
그 사람의 이름은 뭐예요? = What is that person’s name?
저의 이름은 김한성이에요 = My name is 김한성
저는 그 사람의 이름이 기억 안 나요 = I can’t remember that person’s name
저는 그의 이름을 불렀어요 = I called his name
덕석은 흔하지 않은 이름이에요 = “덕석” is not a common name
이 길의 이름이 뭐죠? = What is the name of this road/street?
친구 이름을 잊어버려서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t forget your friend’s name
저
I, me (formal)
Common Usages:
저는 = I
제가 = I
저의 = my
Notes: When used as the subject of a sentence, 저 translates to “I,” when used as the object of a sentence, “저” translates to “me.” For example:
저는 그 여자를 사랑해요 = I love that girl
그 여자는 저를 사랑해요 = That girl loves me
저 changes to 제 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example:
제가 한국을 좋아해요 = I like Korea
저는 한국을 좋아해요 = I like Korea
나 is used instead of 저 in informal situations.
Examples
저는 친구를 만났어요 = I met a friend
저의 친구는 저를 만났어요 = My friend met me
저는 지난 주에 영화를 봤어요 = I saw a movie last week
저는 삼일 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat rice for 3 days
나
I, me (informal)
Common Usages:
나는 = I
내가 = I
나의 = my
Notes: When used as the subject of a sentence, 나 translates to “I,” when used as the object of a sentence, “나” translates to “me.” For example:
나는 그 여자를 사랑해 = I love that girl
그 여자는 나를 사랑해 = That girl loves me
나 changes to 내 when 이/가 are attached. See Lesson 2 for more information. For example:
내가 한국을 좋아해 = I like Korea
나는 한국을 좋아해 = I like Korea
저 is used instead of 나 in formal situations.
Examples 나는 친구를 만났어 = I met a friend 나의 친구는 나를 만났어 = My friend met me 나는 내년에 한국에 갈 거야 = I will go to Korea next year 나는 사과 한 개를 샀어 = I bought one apple
남자
Man
Common Usages: 잘생긴 남자 = handsome man 강한 남자 = strong man 남자 친구 = boyfriend 도시 남자 = a city boy 남자화장실= men’s bathroom
Examples
그는 잘생긴 남자예요 = He is a handsome man
남자는 방에 들어왔어요 = That man came into room
저는 잘생긴 남자를 만났어요 = I met a handsome man
저의 친구는 주로 남자예요 = My friends are mostly men
그 남자가 키가 너무 커요 = That man is very tall
어떤 남자는 어제 여기에 왔어 = Some man came here yesterday
여자
Woman
Common Usages 예쁜 여자 = pretty girl 아름다운 여자 = beautiful girl 여자 친구 = girlfriend 여자화장실 = women’s bathroom
Examples
그녀는 예쁜 여자예요 = She is a beautiful girl
그 여자의 머리 색깔은 자연스러워요 = That girl’s hair colour is natural
저의 여자 친구는 귀엽고 예뻐요 = My girlfriend is cute and pretty
저는 그 여자를 사랑해요 = I love that girl
이
this
Notes: Certain types of words can be placed before nouns to describe them. For example, adjectives can be placed before nouns to describe them (for example: a pretty girl). 이 is a type of word called a “관형사,” which isn’t an adjective, but is another type of word that can be placed before nouns to describe them. In English, “관형사” translates to a “modifier” or “a determiner.” 이 is placed before nouns within reaching distance to indicate that one is talking about “this” specific thing. For example:
이 사람 = this person
Other examples of determiners in Korean (and English) are:
그 사람 = that person
모든 사람 = all people
어떤 사람 = which person
It is easy to distinguish between a determiner and an adjective in Korean. Although both placed before nouns to “describe” them, the dictionary (ordinary) form of an adjective always ends in ~다 and must change in order to describe them. For example, 예쁘다 changes to 예쁜 when placed before a noun to describe it. Determiners keep their original form when placed before a noun. This might be too much grammar for you at this point, but make a note of it.
Example:
이 차는 너무 비싸요 = This car is too expensive
이 방은 넓습니다 = This room is big/wide
저는 이 영화를 더 이상 보고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to watch this movie anymore
이 고기는 돼지고기입니다 = This meat is pork
이 사람은 저의 누나예요 = This (person) is my sister
그
That
Notes: 그 is another example of a “관형사” in Korean. 그 is placed before nouns that are being referred to from context or a previous sentence. For example, if your father is talking about a specific person, you can refer to “that person” by saying “그 사람.”
Common Usages:
그것 = that thing
그 사람 = that person
See more information about 관형사 in my description of “이” above.
Examples:
그 남자는 저의 아버지예요 = That man is my father
그 여자는 나랑 결혼하고 싶었어요 = That girl wanted to marry me
저는 그 책을 원해요 = I want that book
그 병원은 멉니다 = That hospital is far
그 여자의 머리카락은 깁니다 = That girls hair is long
저
that (when something is far away)
Notes: 저 is another example of a “관형사” in Korean. 저 is placed before nouns that are far away (not within reach). For example, if you want to refer to the person across the street, you can refer to “that person” by saying “저 사람.”
그 and 저 both translate to “that.” This often causes confusion for English speakers.
Also notice that “저” has more than one meaning. Earlier, you saw that “저” means “I/me.” Welcome to the world of Korean! Where often times one word has more than one meaning.
Common Usages:
저것 = that thing
저 사람 = that person
See more information about 관형사 in my description of “이” above.
Examples:
저 사람은 누구예요? = Who is that person?
저는 저 케이크를 먹고 싶어요 = I want to eat that cake
저 바지가 얼마예요? = How much are those pants?
저의 친구는 저 쪽으로 갔어요 = My friend went that way
저 학교는 역사적인 건물이에요 = That school is a historical building
다음 버스는 저 정류장에서 출발할 거예요 = The next bus will depart from that station
것
thing
Common Usages 이것 = this thing 저것 = that thing 그것 = that thing ~는 것 principle
Notes: Not only used as a simple noun, but also used as a noun that can be described by full sentences. 것이 can be shortened to 게
Examples
저는 비싼 것만 좋아해요 = I only like expensive things
그것을 어떻게 해요? = How do you do that (thing)?
이것은 뭐야? = What is this (thing)?
이것은 얼마예요? = How much is this (thing)?
이것
this (thing)
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “이걷”
이것 is often shortened to 이거 in speech.
Notes: When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
Although it can be translated as “this thing,” 이것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to “this.” For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
Common Usages:
이것저것 = this thing and that thing (this and that)
Examples:
이것은 뭐야? = What is this (thing)?
이것은 너무 작은가요? = Is this (thing) too small?
이것은 여권이야 = This (thing) is a passport
이것이 더 좋아요 = This (thing) is better
이것을 보셔요 = Look at this (thing)
이것을 먹어 봐! = Eat this (thing)! (Try eating this (thing)!)
모든 프린터 중에 이것이 제일 싸요 = Among all the printers, this (one) is the cheapest
이것을 다 작성해 주실래요? = Can you write all of this up for me?
이것은 처음이자 마지막 기회예요 = This is the first and last chance
그것
that (thing)
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “그걷”
그것 is often shortened to 그거 in speech.
Notes: When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
Although it can be translated as “that thing,” 그것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to “that.” For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
Examples:
저는 그것을 손으로 만들었어요 = I built that (thing) with my hands
저는 그것을 지난 번에 배웠어요 = I learned that (thing) last time
저는 그것을 처음부터 끝까지 복습했어요 = I reviewed that (thing) from start to finish
저는 그것을 영어로 할 거예요 = I will say that (thing) in English
저는 그것을 친구한테서 들었어요 = I heard that (thing) from my friend
저것
that (thing)
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “저걷”
저것 is often shortened to 저거 in speech.
Notes: When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two.
Although it can be translated as “that thing,” 저것 itself is a pronoun and can be simplified to translate to “that.” For more information, see the explanation in Lesson 1.
Common Usages:
이것저것 = this thing and that thing (this and that)
Examples: 저것은 사과예요 = That (thing) is an apple
우리 아빠는 저것을 싫어할 것 같아 = Dad will probably not like that (thing)
저것은 사람이 아니라 눈사람이에요 = That (thing) is not a person, it is a snowman
사람
person
Common Usages: 한국 사람 = Korean person 캐나다 사람 = Canadian person 유럽 사람 = European person 그 사람 = that person 이 사람 = this person 모든 사람 = all people 대부분(의) 사람 = most people
Notes
The formal version of 사람 is “분”
The counter for people is “명” (informal) or “분” (formal). See Lesson 10 for more information
Examples
그 사람은 아주 똑똑해요 = That person is very smart
모든 아시아 사람들은 젓가락을 잘 쓴다 = All Asian people use chopsticks well
그 사람은 미국에서 왔어요 = That person came from the United States
저는 그 사람을 알아요 = I know that person
저 사람은 저의 동생이에요 = That person is my younger sibling
저는 그 사람을 싫어해요 = I don’t like that person
한국 사람들은 보통 아주 착해요 = Korean people are usually very nice
네
Yes
Notes: Informally, you can say “응” to mean “yes”
When speaking on the phone, Korean people often say this many times and pronounce it as “데”
Example
네, 저는 가고 싶어요 = Yes, I want to go
네, 알겠습니다 = Yes, okay. (I got it)
네, 그렇습니다 = Yes, that is correct (that is the way it is)
네, 그럴게요 = Yes/Okay, I will do that if that’s what you want
네, 갔다 올게요 = Yes/Okay, I will go, and then come back
아니
No
Notes
In formal situations, “아니요” is more respectful
Example
아니요, 안 했어요 = No, I didn’t do it
Person 1: 숙소비가 얼마예요? 10만원? = How much is the lodging fee? 100,000 won?
Person 2: 아니요. 10만원 조금 넘어요 = No. A little more than 100,000 won
질문
question
Common Usages:
질문을 물어보다 = to ask a question
질문이 있어요? = Do you have a question?
Example:
질문이 있어요 = I have a question
저는 점원한테 질문을 물어봤어요 = I asked the clerk a question
이것은 어려운 질문입니다 = This is a difficult question
나이
age
Common Usages:
나이가 많다 = old
Example:
저의 여자 친구는 저보다 나이가 더 많아요 = My girlfriend is older than me
나이가 많은 사람들은 항상 재채기를 시끄럽게 해요 = Old people always sneeze loudly
그 사람이 나이가 많지만 여전히 똑똑해요 = Although that person is old, he is still very smart
분위기
the atmosphere of something
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “부뉘기”
Example:
이 도시는 분위기가 좋아요 = This city has a good atmosphere
스타벅스의 내부 분위기는 매우 안락해요 = The atmosphere inside Starbucks is very comfortable
오늘 고객이 많고 분위기가 좋아요 = Today there are a lot of customers and the atmosphere is good
오후
afternoon
Notes: To refer to a time later than 5:00 or so “밤” or “저녁” would more commonly be used
Examples:
오후에 뭐 할 거예요? = What are you doing in the afternoon?
저는 오늘 오후에 낮잠을 잤어요 = I took a nap in the afternoon today
오후에 비가 올지 모르겠어요 = It might rain in the afternoon tomorrow
오후가 되면 햇살이 강해져요 = In the afternoon, the sun gets stronger
우리 부장님께서 오늘 오후에 출발할 예정이십니다 = Our boss is scheduled to depart this afternoon
이 의견에 동의하지 않는 사람은 제 사무실로 오후에 찾아오세요 = People who don’t agree with this opinion, please come and see (“find”) me in my office this afternoon
오전
morning
Notes: This generally refers to any time before noon, but to refer to specifically refer to something early in the morning “새벽” can be used. “아침” refers to the time from breakfast until around noon.
Examples:
저는 내일 오전에 교회에 가야 돼요 = I have to go to church tomorrow in the morning
우리 영업시간은 오전 8시부터 오후 5시까지입니다 = Our business hours are from 8 am to 5 pm
오늘 일대일 면접이 오후에 있어서 오전 내내 면접 준비를 해야 해요 = Today I have a one on one interview in the afternoon, so all morning I need to prepare for it
점심
lunch, noonish
Notes:
The word “점심” can refer to the time around noon, or the meal that is eaten at that time (lunch). To distinguish between them,점심식사 (lunch) and점심시간 (noonish) can also be used.
Examples:
점심으로 뭐 먹고 싶어요? = What do you want to eat for lunch?
저는 보통 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for lunch
점심은 어땠어요? = How was lunch?
점심을 먹었어? = Did you eat lunch?
오빠는 바닥에 앉아서 점심을 먹었어요 = My brother ate lunch sitting on the floor
저녁
dinner, evening
Notes:
The word “저녁” can refer to the evening time, or the meal that is eaten at that time (dinner). To distinguish between them,저녁식사 (dinner) and 저녁시간 (the evening) can also be used.
Examples:
저녁으로 뭐 먹었어요? = What did you eat for dinner?
엄마가 온 후에 저는 저녁식사를 먹을 거예요 = After mom comes home, I will eat dinner
요리사들은 저녁을 부엌에서 준비했어요 = The chefs prepared the dinner in the kitchen
저는 저녁에 공부했어요 = I studied in the evening
저는 일요일에 저녁을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat dinner on Sunday
검은색
(the colour) black
Notes: This is a combination of the adjective “검다” (black) and “색” (colour). Put together, the word is a noun that means “the colour black,” but is often placed before nouns to describe them (like an adjective) anyways. Therefore, you can often see this (and other words of colour) used before a noun to describe it and also at the end of a sentence (attached to 이다).
When Korean people describe something by colour in English, they will often say something like “I like the black-coloured shirt.” This is the result of them directly translating “검은색 셔츠,” whereas in English we would just say “black shirt.”
Examples:
At the end of a sentence: 저의 차는 검은색이에요 = My car is black
(Notice 이다 is used because 검은색 is a noun)
Before a noun: 저는 검은색 차를 좋아해요 = I like black cars
흰색
(the color) white
Notes:
See “black” above. 흰색 is a combination of “희다” and “색”
Example:
흰색 셔츠를 입은 여자가 예뻐요 = The girl wearing the white shirt is pretty
흰색 구두를 신고 있다 = I am wearing white shoes/boots
