Verbs Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
있다
A
to be at a location
Notes:
~에 is typically attached to the location where something/somebody is.
Examples:
저는 은행에 있어요 = I am at the bank
개는 집 안에 있어요 = The dog is in the house
엄마가 어디에 있어요? 병원에 갔어요? = Where is mom? Did she go to the hospital?
서울에 있는 공연을 보러 갈래요? = Shall we go to the show in Seoul?
내가 한국에 있을 때마다 한국어로 말하고 싶어 = Every time I am in Korea, I want to speak Korean
2
Q
먹다
A
to eat
Notes: The formal version of this word is 들다 (usually said as 드시다)
An even more formal version of this word is 잡수시다
Common Usages:
밥을 먹다 = to eat rice/food
먹기 싫다 = to not want to eat
Examples:
밥을 먹었어요? = Have you eaten?
저는 아침식사로 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate rice for breakfast
저는 보통 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for lunch
저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = I ate a lot of rice
저는 햄버거 두 개를 먹었어요 = I ate two hamburgers
저는 어제 고기를 두 번 먹었어요 = I ate meat twice yesterday
나는 5시에 먹을 거야 = I will eat at 5:00
저는 사흘 동안 밥을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat rice for 3 days
저는 2주일 동안 한식을 안 먹었어요 = I didn’t eat Korean food for two weeks
3
Q
가다
A
to go
Common Usages:
집에 가다 = to go home
가야 되다 = to have to go
가지 마세요 = don’t go
Examples:
저는 내일 학교에 갈 거예요 = Tomorrow I will go to school
저의 친구는 저 쪽으로 갔어요 = My friend went that way
저는 학교에 가서 공부할 거예요 = I will go to school and then study
빨리 집에 가서 쉬세요! = Go home quickly and rest!
저는 캐나다에 가고 싶어요 = I want to go to Canada
어디 가고 싶어요? = Where do you want to go?
어디까지 가고 싶어요? = How far/until when do you want to go?
친구는 학교에 가고 있어요 = My friend is going to school
공부하러 학교에 가고 있어요 = I’m going to school to study
엄마가 어디에 있어요? 병원에 갔어요? = Where is mom? Did she go to the hospital?
엄마가 갔을 때 저는 울었어요 = When mom left, I cried
선생님은 학생들과 박물관에 갔다 = The teacher went to the museum with the students
4
Q
만나다
A
to meet
Common Usages:
만남 = a meeting
친구를 만나다 = to meet a friend
만나서 반갑습니다 = nice to meet you
Example:
저는 어제 친구를 만났어요 = I met a friend yesterday
저는 내일 사람 두 명을 만날 거예요 = I will meet two people tomorrow
저는 내일 사람 두 명 더 만날 거예요 = I will meet two more people tomorrow
그 사람을 만나고 싶습니까? = Do you want to meet that person?
그 여자를 만난 적이 없어요 = I have never met that girl/I haven’t met that girl
선생님은 내일 학생들을 만날 거예요 = The teacher will meet the students tomorrow
저는 남편을 공원에서 만날 거예요 = I will meet my husband at the park
우리는 며칠 전에 만났어요 = We met a few days ago
우리가 마지막으로 언제 만났지? = When was the last time that we met?
5
Q
닫다
A
to close
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “닫따”
Common Usages:
문을 닫다 = to close a door
창문을 닫다 = to close a window
Examples: 저는 문을 닫았어요 = I closed the door
너무 추워서 문을 닫았어요 = I closed the door because it is too cold
문을 닫아야 돼요 = You have to close the door
이 가게는 몇 시에 닫아요? = What time does this store close?
밖이 갑자기 어두워지고 저는 겁이 나서 커튼을 닫아 놓았어요 = Outside got dark all of a sudden, and I was scared so I closed the curtains
6
Q
열다
A
to open
Notes: 열다 can be used to open up something that can also be closed – like a door or a window. For example:
저는 창문을 열었어요 = I opened the window
저는 아줌마를 위해 문을 열었어요 = I opened the door for an older lady
너무 더워서 창문을 열었어요 = I opened a window because it is too hot
It is also commonly used to indicate that one “holds” an event where many people will gather. For example:
그 친구가 미국에 가기 전에 송별회를 열 거예요
= We will hold a going away party for that friend before he goes to America
우리는 다음 주에 그 문제에 대한 회의를 열 거예요
= We are going to hold a meeting next week about that problem
7
Q
원하다
A
to want (an object) Notes: This word can only be used to say that you want a noun. You cannot say that you want to do a verb using 원하다. In order to say “I want to do…”
Examples:
저는 더 큰 집을 원해요 = I want a bigger house
저는 그 책을 원해요 = I want that book
어떤 종류의 차를 원해요? = What type of car do you want?
저의 여자 친구는 제가 사과를 가져오는 것을 원해요 = My girlfriend wants me to bring apples
8
Q
만들다
A
to make
Examples:
그것을 어떻게 만들었어요? = How did you make that?
저는 그것을 손으로 만들었어요 = I built that with my hands
저는 친구를 위해 빵을 만들었어요 = I made bread for my friend
누가 피자를 만들었어? = Who made the pizza?
이것을 만들어 주세요 = Please, make this for me
케이크를 만들 때 쿠키도 만들 거예요 = When I make a cake, I will also make cookies
그 단어로 완벽한 문장을 만들어 주세요 = Make a perfect/complete sentence using that word, please
9
Q
하다
A
to do
Notes:
Attaching 하다 to nouns (usually of Chinese origin) changes that noun into a verb. For example:
요리 = cooking 요리하다 = to cook
결혼 = marriage 결혼하다 = to marry
말 = speech/speaking/words 말하다 = to speak
Example:
그것을 언제 했어요? = When did you do that?
저는 그것을 지금 하고 있어요 = I am doing that now
저는 그것을 하고 싶어요 = I want to do that
10
Q
말하다
A
to speak
The noun form of this word “말,” translates to speech, or “something that one says.”
Common Usages:
할 말이 있다 = to have something to say
Examples:
뭐라고 말했어요? = What did you say?
그는 한국어를 자연스럽게 말해요 = he speaks Korean naturally
저는 한국어로 말했어요 = I spoke in Korean
저는 그 문장을 한국어로 말했어요 = I said that sentence (using) in Korean
저는 저의 아버지에 대해 말했어요 = I spoke about my father
아빠는 왜 저렇게 말하고 있어요? = Why is dad talking like that?
제가 밥을 먹었을 때 말하고 싶지 않았어요 = When I ate, I didn’t want to talk
그것은 제가 말하고 싶었던 것이었어요 = That was what I had wanted to say
제 말을 이해했어요? = Did you understand what I said (my speaking?)
11
Q
이해하다
A
to understand
Notes: In order to say that you don’t understand, it is common to use:
저는 이해가 안 돼요 = I don’t understand, or
저는 이해하지 못 하겠어요 = I don’t understand
Example:
제 말을 이해했어요? = Did you understand what I said (my speaking?)
학생들은 그것을 이해했어요 = The students understood that
저는 완전히 이해해요 = I completely understand
그 뜻을 이해하려고 책을 두 번 읽었어요 = In order to understand that meaning, I read the book twice
그 학생은 물리의 기본도 이해하지 못해요 = That student doesn’t even understand basic physics
12
Q
좋아하다
A
to like
Notes: 좋다 is an adjective that means “good.” 좋아하다 is a verb that means “like.” For more information.
Examples:
저는 우리 학교를 좋아해요 = I like our school
저는 그 선생님을 좋아해요 = I like that teacher
저는 수학을 제일 좋아해요 = I like math most (math is my favourite)
아이들은 만화영화를 매우 좋아해요 = Children really like animated movies
몇몇 사람들은 밥을 좋아하지 않아요 = Some people don’t like rice
학생들은 그 선생님을 특히 좋아해요 = Students especially like that teacher
제가 가장 좋아하는 색깔은 초록색이에요 = My favourite colour r is green
저는 저런 여자를 좋아하지 않아요 = I don’t like that kind of girl
13
Q
오다
A
to come
Common Usages: ~에서 왔다 = to come from 내려오다 = to come down 올라오다 = to come up 다녀오다 = to go, and then come back 갔다 오다 = to go, and then come back 돌아오다 = to come back 걸어오다 = to come by walking
Example:
그 사람은 미국에서 왔어요 = That person came from the United States
친구들은 언제 올 거예요? = When are the friends coming?
어디에서 왔어요? = Where are you from (from where did you come?)
저의 친구는 6시 30분에 올 거예요 = My friend will come at 6:30
그는 올 거라고 약속했어요 = He promised that he would come
캐나다에 언제 돌아올 거예요? = When are you coming back to Canada?
선생님 몇 분 올 거예요? = How many teachers will come?
어제 어떤 남자가 왔어요? = Which man came here yesterday?
14
Q
끝내다
A
to finish
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “끈내다”
Notes: It is often more common to use the passive form (끝나다) to indicate that you finished something. For example:
일이 끝났어요 = The work is finished (which implies that you finished the work)
Examples:
저는 저의 숙제를 끝냈어요 = I finished my homework
저는 숙제를 끝내고 나서 집으로 갈 거예요 = I will finish my homework then go home
저는 일을 만족스럽게 끝냈어요 = I finished the work/job satisfactorily
시험을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the test
15
Q
춤추다
A
to dance
Notes:
The word “춤” is the noun “dance,” as in “a dance.” Coupled with the verb “추다” is means “to dance.”
Example:
저는 춤추는 것이 좋아요 = I like dancing
16
Q
알다
A
알다 follows the ㄹ irregular.
Common Usages:
알겠습니다 = This is a formal way to say “okay, I understand.”
알았어 = This is an informal way to say “okay, I understand”
Examples:
저는 그 사람을 알아요 = I know that person
저는 그것을 알고 있어요 = I know that
누구나 그 여자를 알아요 = Everybody knows that girl
서울에 어떻게 가는지 알아요 = I know how to get to Seoul
서울에 어떻게 가는지 알아요? = Do you know how to get to Seoul?
그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 알아요 = I know how to pronounce that word
그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 알아요? = Do you know how to pronounce that word?
그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 알아요 = I know why that student threw out his book
그 학생이 책을 왜 버렸는지 알아요? = Do you know why that student threw out his book?
제가 한국어를 왜 배우고 싶은지 알아요? = Do you know why I want to learn Korean?
17
Q
걷다
A
to walk
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “걷따”
걷다 follows the ㄷ irregular.
Common Usages:
걸어가다 = to go by walking
걸어오다 = to come by walking
Example:
우리는 집에 걸어왔어요 = We walked home
저는 10분 동안 걸었어요 = I walked for 10 minutes
여자는 학교에 걸었어요 = The girl walked to school
그 여자는 항상 그렇게 걸어요 = That girl always walks like that
저는 너무 많이 걸어서 지금 발이 아파요 = My feet are sore because I walked so much
우리는 차가 없어서 집에 걸어왔어요 = We didn’t have a car so we walked home
전철역까지 걸어갈래요? = Shall we walk to the subway station?
학생들은 교실 쪽으로 걸어요 = Students walk towards/in the direction of their class
우리가 천천히 안 걸었더라면 늦게 도착하지 않았을 거예요 = If we hadn’t walk slowly, we wouldn’t have arrived late
18
Q
배우다
A
to learn
Common Usages:
한국어를 배우다 = to learn Korean
영어를 배우다 = to learn English
한국어를 배우고 싶다 = to want to learn Korean
Examples:
한국어를 언제부터 배웠어요? = Since when did you learn Korean?
저는 그것을 지난 시간에 배웠어요 = I learned that (thing) last time
저는 한국어를 한국에서 배웠어요 = I learned Korean in Korea
저는 한국어를 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn Korean
우리는 다음 시간에 더 배울 거예요 = We will learn more next time
저는 5년 이내에 외국어를 다섯 개 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn 5 languages within five years
한국에 온 이래로 한국어를 배우고 있어요 = Since coming to Korea, I have been learning Korean
19
Q
연습하다
A
to practice
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “연스파다”
Example:
한국 사람들은 외국 사람들과 영어를 연습하고 싶어요 = Korean people want to practice their English with foreigners
연습을 많이 해도 시합에서 질 거예요 = Regardless of how much you practice, you will lose the match
20
Q
생각하다
A
to think
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “생가카다”
The noun form of this word translates to “a thought” or “an idea.”
Common Usages:
좋은 생각이 났어요 = I have a good idea (literally, “a good thought came up”)
무슨 생각 해? = What are you thinking?
Notes:
Typically the grammatical principle ~ㄴ/다고 precedes 생각하다 as if it is a quoted sentence.
Examples:
저도 그렇게 생각해요 = I think that way as well
나는 너에 대해 생각했어 = I thought about you
그 여자에 대해 어떻게 생각해요? = What do you think about that girl?
저는 그렇게 생각하지 않아요 = I don’t think like that
저는 저의 엄마에 대해 생각했어요 = I thought about my mother
우리 집에 대해 어떻게 생각해요? = What do you think about our house?
21
Q
살다
A
to live
살다 follows the ㄹ irregular.
Common Usages:
살아 있다 = to be living (the opposite of dead)
Notes: In order to say that you live in a place, it is acceptable to use “살고 있다.” For example: 저는 한국에서 살고 있어요. Note that this directly translates to “I am living in Korea”, whereas is English we would most likely say “I live in Korea.”
Example:
저는 서울에서 살고 있어요 = I live in Seoul
어느 집에서 살아요? = Which house do you live in?
저는 학교에서 멀리 살고 있어요 = I live far from school
한국에서 언제부터 살았어요? = Since when have you lived in Korea?
저는 2년 동안 외국에서 살았어요 = I lived in a foreign country for 2 years
저는 7년 동안 한국에서 살았어요 = I lived in Korea for seven years
우리 아버지는 고모와 살고 있어요 = Our father lives with our aunt
저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 힘들어요 = It is difficult to walk home because I live far
22
Q
끝나다
A
to be finished
(Passive Verbs)
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “끈나다”
Notes:
This is the first passive verb you have come across.
Examples:
이 콘서트가 벌써 끝났어요? = Is the concert already finished?
숙제는 끝났어요 = My homework is finished
수업은 2분 후에 끝날 거예요 = Class will finish 2 minutes from now
그 일이 다 끝나서 지금 기분이 아주 좋아요 = Now that that work is finished, I am very happy
23
Q
기대하다
A
to expect
The noun form of this word translates to “expectation”
Notes:
The passive version of this word (기대되다) is commonly used to say that one is excited for something to happen.
Example:
선생님이 3시에 올 것을 기대했어요 = I expected the teacher to come at 3:00
24
Q
건너다
A
to cross (a road/etc)
Common Usages:
길을 건너다 = to cross a road
Example:
빨리 건너자! = Quick! Let’s cross!
저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요 = I crossed the street safely
25
던지다
to throw
Common Usages:
공을 던지다 = to throw a ball
Example:
수업시간 동안 종이를 던지지 마세요 = During class, don’t throw paper please
야구선수는 공을 세게 던졌어요 = The baseball player threw the ball hard
26
싫어하다
to not like
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “시러하다”
Notes: 싫다 is an adjective that means “not good.” 싫어하다 is a verb. Therefore, ~을/를 should be attached to the object in the sentence that one does not like.
Examples:
저는 그 사람을 싫어해요 = I don’t like that person
저는 과일을 싫어해요 = I dislike fruit
처음에 그 여자를 싫어했어요 = I didn’t like that girl at first
그들은 저를 처음부터 싫어했어요 = They didn’t like me from the start
저는 사람들이 지하철을 급히 타는 것을 싫어해요 = I don’t like people getting on the subway in a rush
제가 그 여자를 싫어해도 그녀를 위해 선물을 사야 되었어요 = Regardless of how much I dislike that girl, I still had to buy her a present
27
떠나다
to leave somewhere
Common Usages:
세상을 떠나다 = to die (literally, “to leave the world”)
Notes:
This word is usually only used if you are leaving something forever or for a very long time. If you want to say that you left your house (and are returning), you should use the words “출발하다” (to depart) or “나가다” (to go out).
Example:
한국은 언제 떠났어요? = When did you leave Korea?
아버지가 벌써 떠났다는 것을 몰랐어요 = I didn’t know (the fact) that dad already left
28
농담하다
to joke
The noun form of this word translates to “a joke”
Example:
나의 남자친구는 나에게 농담을 많이 해= My boyfriend tells me a lot of jokes
29
공부하다
to study
Common Usages:
열심히 공부하다 = to study hard
Examples:
저는 한국어를 4년 동안 공부했어요 = I studied Korean for 4 years
저는 저녁에 공부했어요 = I studied in the evening
여름에 저는 공부하겠어요 = I will study in the summer
저는 30분 동안 공부했어요 = I studied for 30 minutes
저는 내일부터 한국어를 공부할 거예요 = I’m going to study Korean from tomorrow
저는 아침부터 밤까지 공부만 했어요 = From morning to night I only studied
30
노력하다
to try
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “노려카다”
Common Usages:
~려고 노력하다 (to try to do).
Example:
저는 한국어를 배우려고 노력하고 있어요 = I am trying to learn Korean
그 친구를 매 주말 만나려고 노력해요 = I try to meet that friend every weekend
한국 정부는 교통사고를 방지하려고 노력하고 있어요 = The Korean government is trying to prevent traffic accidents
31
앉다
to sit
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “안따”
Common Usages:
앉으세요! = have a seat!
Notes:
To say that one was sitting while doing something, you should attach “~아/어서” to 앉다. For example: 저는 앉아서 먹었어요 = I sat down and ate.
Example:
발이 아파서 앉고 싶어요 = I want to sit down because my feet are sore
저는 신발을 신으러 잠깐 앉았어요 = I sat down for a minute in order to put on my shoe
그는 소파에 앉아 있어요 = He is sitting on the couch
여기에 앉아도 돼요? = May I sit here?
오빠는 바닥에 앉아서 점심을 먹었어요 = My brother ate lunch sitting on the floor
32
만지다
to touch
Common Usages:
만지지 마세요! = don’t touch!
Example:
그것이 비싸서 만지지 마세요! = That is very expensive, so please don’t touch it!
저는 저의 머리를 부드럽게 만졌어요 = I touched my hair softly
33
자다
to sleep
Common Usages:
낮잠 자다 = to take a nap
늦잠 자다 = to sleep in
Examples:
너무 피곤해서 자고 싶어요 = I want to sleep because I am so tired
저는 세 시간 동안 잤어요 = I slept for three hours
저는 지금 자고 싶어요 = I want to sleep now
애기는 침대에서 자고 있어요 = The baby is sleeping in the bed
우리는 집에 와서 바로 잤어요 = We came home and went to sleep immediately
저는 어젯밤에 잘 잤어요 = I slept well last night
저는 오늘 오후에 낮잠을 잤어요 = I took a nap in the afternoon today
34
보다
to see
Common Usages:
보고 싶다 = to want to see, or to “miss”
Notes:
In English, there are many different ways to say that you are looking at something (to watch, to see, to look at). In Korean, “보다” takes on all of these meanings.
Example:
저는 어제 영화를 봤어요 = I saw a movie yesterday
저는 마지막 것을 안 봤어요 = I didn’t see the last thing (I didn’t see that last one)
저는 그 영화를 다섯 번 봤어요 = I saw that movie five times
저는 어제 두 시간 동안 TV를 봤어요 = I watched TV for two hours yesterday
저는 방금 뭔가(를) 봤어요 = I just saw something a minute ago
원숭이가 벽을 보고 있어요 = The monkey is looking at the wall
저는 저의 친구를 병원에서 봤어요 = I saw my friend at the hospital
형하고 아버지는 영화를 봤어요 = My brother and dad saw a movie
교실이 너무 어두워서 학생들은 칠판을 볼 수 없어요 = The students can’t see the board because the classroom is too dark
35
기다리다
to wait
Common Usages:
버스를 기다리다 = to wait for the bus
기다리고 있다 = to be waiting
Notes:
In English, we say that one waits “for” something. In Korean, the common translation for “for” is ~기 위해. However, in Korean the particle “~을/를” is attached to the person/thing that one is waiting for. For example: 저는 친구를 기다리고 있어요 = I am waiting for my friend.
Example:
저는 30분 동안 기다렸어요 = I waited for 30 minutes
3시까지 기다릴 거예요 = I will wait until 3:00
저는 줄에 서서 순서를 기다렸어요 = I stood in line and waited for my turn
저는 아직 기다리고 있어요 = I am still waiting
엄마는 기다리고 있을 것 같아요 = Mom is probably waiting (It seems like mom is waiting)
모든 사람들은 교수님이 말씀하기 시작하는 것을 기다렸다 = Everybody was waiting for the professor to start talking
36
청소하다
to clean
Common Usages:
방을 청소하다 = to clean a room
집을 청소하다 = to clean a house
청소기 = vacuum cleaner (literally, “cleaning machine”)
Example:
밖에 나가기 전에 집을 청소해야 돼요! = Before I go out, I need to clean the house
저는 집을 청소기로 청소했어요 = I cleaned the house with a vacuum cleaner
37
약속하다
to promise
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “약소카다”
Notes: The noun form of this verb (약속) translates to “a promise,” and is often used to refer to plans that somebody has. For example: 저는 오늘 약속이 있어요 = I have a promise, or “I made a promise with somebody today, which means I have plans to meet him/her.”
Example:
그는 올 거라고 약속했어요 = He promised that he would come
38
듣다
to hear
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “듣따”
듣다 follows the ㄷ irregular.
Common Usages:
들어보다 = to listen
수업을 듣다 = to take a class (literally, to “listen to” a class)
Examples:
그 말을 못 들었어요 = I didn’t hear that thing that you just said
저는 쥐를 들었어요 = I heard a mouse
저는 2달 동안 한국어 수업을 들었어요 = I took a Korean class for 2 months
저는 선생님의 목소리를 못 들었어요 = I couldn’t hear the teacher’s voice
그 말을 들었더니 기분이 상했어요 = My feelings were hurt after hearing that
39
들어보다
to listen
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “드러보다”
Notes: Although there is sometimes overlap in their usages, 듣다 is used when one hears something. However, by adding ~아/어보다 (the grammar of this is taught in Lesson 32) changes the verb into “to try/attempt to hear.” In English, the act of trying/attempting to hear something is “listening.”
Example: 선생님의 말을 잘 들어보세요! = listen carefully to what the teacher says!
40
그만하다
to stop
Notes:
This is usually used when you are stopping an action. When you are stopping a machine, the word 멈추다 is usually used.
Example:
빨리 그만하세요! = stop quickly!
다음 달에 한국어를 배우는 것을 그만할 거예요 = I will stop learning Korean next month
41
운동하다
to exercise
Examples:
저는 매일 운동해요 = I exercise everyday
저는 오늘 두 번 운동할 것입니다 = I will exercise twice (two times) today
어제 운동을 해서 오늘 저의 팔이 아파요 = my arms are sore because I exercised yesterday
저는 운동을 열심히 하고 숨을 빨리 쉬었어요 = After I exercised I was breathing really fast
저는 요즘에 운동을 많이 해요 = I am exercising a lot these days
운동은 스트레스를 풀어요 = exercise relieves stress
운동할 때 알맞은 자세로 해야 돼요 = When you exercise, you need to do so with the correct posture
42
놀라다
to be surprised
Notes:
There are many adverbs in Korean that are used in very specific situations to add feeling to the meaning in the sentence. The word “깜짝” is used in sentences where one is surprised. By putting the word “깜짝” before “놀라다,” it will make your Korean sound very good!
Example:
저는 그 사람을 보고 깜짝 놀랐어요! = I looked at that man and I was really surprised!
43
찾다
to search for, find
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “찯따”
Notes: In English, the words “looking for/searching” and “find” have a similar meaning but are used differently. We use “find” after something is found. However, before something is found we use “look for/search.” In Korean, the 찾다 is used for both of these usages. This confusion often leads Korean people to incorrectly say things like “I am finding my brother.”
Examples:
저는 저의 지갑을 찾고 있어요 = I am looking for my wallet
누군가(는) 너를 찾고 있어 = Somebody is looking for you
저는 그 사실을 백과사전에 찾았어요 = I looked up that fact in an encyclopaedia
우리 회사는 새로운 회사원을 찾고 있어요 = Our company is looking for new workers
44
가르치다
to teach
Common Usages:
수업을 가르치다 = to teach a class
학생을 가르치다 = to teach a student
Examples:
저는 고등학교에서 10년 동안 영어를 가르쳤어요 = I taught English at a high school for 10 years
저는 학생들한테 한국어를 가르쳤어요 = I taught Korean to the students
어제 학생들한테 뭐 가르쳤어요? = What did you teach the students yesterday?
저는 선생님이 그것을 언제 가르쳤는지 기억 안 나요 = I don’t remember when the teacher taught that
선생님은 우리를 너무 잘 가르치셨어 = Our teacher taught us really well
이것을 가르쳐 줘서 감사합니다 = Thanks for teaching that to me
그 선생님은 한국어를 저에게 가르쳐 줬어요 = That teacher taught me Korean
45
일하다
to work
Notes:
The noun form of 일하다 (일) literally means “work” (as in, something you need to do). However, it is often used to refer to a task or anything that needs to be done. For example:
저는 내일 할 일이 있어요 = I have something I need to do tomorrow
Examples:
저는 그 회사에서 일해요 = I work at/for that company
저는 지난 월요일에 일했어요 = I worked last Monday
저는 2주 동안 열심히 일했어요 = I worked hard for 2 weeks
저는 그 회사에서 5월까지 일할 거예요 = I will work at that company until May
저는 회사를 위해 열심히 일할 거예요 = I will work hard for the company
아버지는 지금 일하고 있어요 = Dad is working now
그 사람은 10년 동안 열심히 일하고 부자가 되었어요 = That person worked hard for 10 years and then became a rich person
46
짓다
to build
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “짇따”
짓다 follows the ㅅ irregular
Common Usages:
집을 짓다 = to build a house
Examples:
그 집을 언제 지었어요? = When did you build that house?
저는 집을 지었어요 = I built a house
저는 우리 집을 나무로 지었어요 = I built our house out of wood
새로 지어진 건물이 멋있어요 = The newly built building is really cool/stylish
이 건물은 유명한 건축가의 건축설계도에 기초해서 지어졌어요
= This building was built based on the blueprints of a famous architect
새로 지어진 공원에 운동 시설이 매우 좋아서 많은 사람들이 거기에서 운동을 해요
= The newly built park has very good exercise facilities so many people exercise there
47
가지다
to own, to possess
Common Usages:
가지고 있다 = to have
Notes: When you use “있다” to indicate that you have something, you must put the particle ~이/가 on the object you have. For example: 저는 펜이 있어요
However, you can attach ~을/을 to that object if you use ~가지고 있다.
갖다 is a shortened version of this word.
Examples:
저는 펜을 가지고 있어요 = I have a pen
저는 지금 돈을 가지고 있어요 = I have money now
그 여자는 자연스러운 머리를 가지고 있어요 = That girl has natural hair
그는 항상 사진기를 가지고 다녀요 = He always carries his camera with him (while walking around)
열쇠를 가지고 나왔어요? = Did you bring your keys (did you come out while possessing your keys?)
작은 입으로 큰 생선을 먹을 수 있다는 게 너무 신기했다. 나는 펭귄에게 먹이를 주기 위해 천천히 다가갔다. 펭귄들은 내가 먹이를 가지고 있자 내 주위로 다가왔다.
= I was really amazed they could eat a big fish with their little mouth. I approached the penguins slowly with food, and as soon as I had food, the penguins drew close around me.
48
잠그다
to lock
잠그다 follows the ㅡ irregular
Common Usages:
수도꼭지를 잠그다 = to turn the water (from a tap) off
Example:
저는 문을 잠갔어요 = I locked the door
아버지는 창문을 잠갔어요 = Dad locked the window
문을 잠가야 되었는데 깜박했어요! = I was supposed to lock the door, but I forgot!
수압이 너무 세서 수도꼭지를 잠가 놓으세요 = The water pressure is too strong, so turned off (“lock”) the faucet
49
잊다
to forget
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “읻따”
Common Usages:
잊어버리다 = to forget
Notes: ~아/어버리다 is added to some verbs to express the emotion that something was done and “thrown away” at the same time. It is commonly attached to 잊다 to express that something was “forgotten and thrown away.”
Examples:
저를 잊지 마세요! = Don’t forget me!
저는 아빠의 죽음을 잊지 않았어요 = I didn’t forget the death of my father
열쇠를 어디 둔지 잊어버렸어요 = I forget where I put my keys
저는 사막에서 살았을 때를 잊어버리고 싶어요 = I want to forget the time I lived in the desert
바쁘게 살다 보면 가끔 중요한 일을 잊어버려요
= If you (continue to) live a busy life, sometimes you will forget important things/tasks/jobs
미술대회에 참가하는 신입생들은 잊지 말고 꼭 10시까지 모여주세요
= Freshmen participating in the art competition, don’t forget, and be sure to gather by 10 o’clock
우리 오빠는 나에게 잊지 말고 영국에서 유명한 기념품을 사서 한국에 보내 달라고 했다
= My brother told me not to forget to buy some famous souvenirs in England and send them to Korea
50
돕다
to help
돕다 is an irregular ㅂ irregular. ㅂ changes to 오 when ~아/어 is added. However, ㅂ changes to 우 when any other vowel is added.
Common usages:
도와주다 = to give help
Notes: ~아/어주다 is commonly added to this word, because usually when one helps somebody, it is a form of “giving”
Examples:
도와주세요! = help me please!
제가 선생님이 아니라 학생을 도와주는 사람이에요 = I am not a teacher, I’m a student helper
곤경에 처한 사람을 도와주느라고 제시간에 학교에 가지 못했다
= I wasn’t able to go to school on time because I was helping a person going through some trouble
과학을 배우는 것은 중요해, 왜냐하면 내가 살고 있는 곳을 더욱 잘 이해할 수 있게 도와주기 때문이야
= It is important to learn science, because it helps me understand the place/environment that I live (in) better
나는 엄마를 도와 정리를 했다. 거실을 깨끗하게 정리하고 엄마한테 진심으로 감사하다는 말을 전했다 = I helped mom clean-up/organize. We organized the living room (cleanly), and thanked mom from the bottom of our hearts
51
주다
to give
When giving something to a person who deserves respect, 드리다 is used.
Notes: Often conjugated in the imperative voice (for example, ~세요) to ask for something. For example:
밥을 많이 주세요 = Give me lots of rice
Often gets placed after a verb if somebody does an action for somebody. For example:
이것을 만들어 주세요 = Please, make this for me
Examples:
그 그릇을 주세요 = Give me that bowl, please
밥을 사 주세요 = Buy me food, please
어머님은 너에게 돈을 줬어? = Did your mother give you money?
저는 저의 친구에게 돈을 줬어요 = I gave my friend money
아빠는 나에게 음식을 줬어 = Dad gave me food
그 선생님은 한국어를 저에게 가르쳐 줬어요 = That teacher taught me Korean
52
맞다
to be correct
Common Usages:
입맛에 맞다 = to fit one’s taste in food
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “맏따”
Notes: In every way, 맞다looks, feels and sounds like an adjective. However, in Korean 맞다 is a verb. In most cases this is irrelevant, but keep this in mind when conjugating.
Example:
선생님! 이 거 맞아요? = Teacher! Is this correct?
고객님들은 항상 맞아요 = The customer is (customers are) always right
이 자세 맞아요? = Is this posture right/correct?
그 학설은 맞을 리가 없어요 = That theory cannot be right
53
여행하다
to travel
The noun form of this word (“여행”) translates to “a trip”
Common Usages:
신혼여행 = honeymoon (newlywed travel)
배낭여행 = backpacking
Examples:
저는 6개월 동안 여행했어요 = I traveled for 6 months
저는 하루 동안 여행했어요 = I traveled for 1 day
여행했을 때 사진을 많이 찍었어요 = When I traveled, I took a lot of pictures
그 여행은 길게 느껴졌어요 = That trip felt like a long time
저는 한국 어디나 여행하고 싶어요 = I want to travel everywhere in Korea
가장 여행하고 싶은 나라는 뭐에요? What country do you want to travel to the most?
여행할 때 옷을 많이 챙길 필요가 없어요 = I don’t need to pack a lot of clothes when I travel
54
도착하다
to arrive
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “도차카다”
Example:
우리가 목적지에 거의 도착했어요 = We have almost arrived at our destination
우리가 내일 도착할 예정이에요 = We are scheduled to arrive tomorrow
저는 학교에 도착했어요 = I arrived at school
저는 8월 15일에 도착할 거예요 = I will arrive on August 15th
55
받다
to get, to receive, to acquire
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “받따”
Common Usages:
감동 받다 = to be impressed (literally “to receive an impression”)
존경 받다 = to be respected (literally “to receive respect”)
Examples:
제가 보낸 돈을 받았어요? = Did you get the money that I sent?
저는 돈을 받았어요 = I received money
저는 저의 여자친구에게서 편지를 받았어요 = I received a letter from my girlfriend
그 문제에 관해 연수를 받았어요 = We/I received training about that problem
저는 당신의 말에 감동 받았어요 = I was impressed with what you said
저는 그 사람이 저에게 줄 선물을 받고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to accept the gift that that person will give me
만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 받고 싶을 거예요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be respected by students
56
내다
to pay for
Common Usages:
청구서를 내다 = to pay a bill
Notes: 내다 can have many other meanings.
Examples:
이번에 제가 낼 거예요 = I will pay this time
아빠가 돈을 이미 낸 것 같아요 = It seems like dad already paid
우리가 청구서를 늦게라도 낼 거예요 = We are going to pay the bill, even if it is a little late
57
읽다
to read
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “익따”
Common Usages:
책을 읽다 = to read a book
Examples:
저는 이제 더 읽기 싫어요 = I don’t want to read anymore
저는 그 책을 읽고 싶어요 = I want to read that book
저는 1년에 책 열 권을 읽을 수 있어요 = I can read ten books in one year
어떤 소설을 읽고 있어요? Which novel are you reading?
58
놀다
to play
놀다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Common Usages:
놀이공원 = amusement park
놀이터 = playground
물놀이 = to play in water
Notes:
Although “playing” is usually reserved for kids in English, adults in Korean will also say that they “play” with friends. This typically meets that they met and had a good time.
Example: 저는 어제 친구랑 놀았어요 = I played with a friend yesterday
아이들은 나무 주위에서 놀고 있어요 = The children are playing around the tree
저는 보통 친구들과 시내에서 놀아요 = I usually play with (meet) my friends downtown
59
쓰다
to use
쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular
Common Usages:
아껴 쓰다 = to save (to use and save)
Notes: 사용하다 is another common way to say “use”
Example: 제가 이것을 써도 돼요? = May I use this?
한국 사람들은 밥을 먹을 때 젓가락을 써요 = Korean people use chopsticks when they eat
가뭄 때문에 물을 아껴 써야 돼요 = We need to save/conserve water because of the drought
요즘에는 사람들이 수표를 안 써요 = These days, people don’t use cheques
그 쿠폰을 VIPS에서도 쓸 수 있어요? = Can you use that coupon at VIPS too?
저 컴퓨터가 고장이 나서 다른 컴퓨터를 써야 됩니다
= You have to use another computer because that one is broken
중국 사람들은 소금을 뿌리는 것 대신에 음식에 간장을 써요
= Instead of using salt, Chinese people put/use soy sauce on their food
우리가 벌써 6월에 쓸 수 있는 인터넷 용량 제한을 넘었어요
= We already went over the data/space limit (data cap) that we can use for June
친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 써요
= Use informal/casual speech among friends, and when conversing with adults, use formal speech
60
쓰다
to write
Common Usages:
편지를 쓰다 = to write a letter
펜으로 쓰다 = to write with a pen
Example: 저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 편지를 썼어요 = I wrote a letter for my girlfriend
저는 부장님을 위해서 이것을 썼어요 = I wrote this for my boss
저는 여자친구를 위해 편지를 쓰고 싶어요 = I want to write a letter for my girlfriend
저는 펜으로 쓰고 싶어요 = I want to write with a pen
그는 손등에 뭔가를 썼어요 = He wrote something on the back of his hand
61
실수하다
to make a mistake
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “실쑤하다”
The noun form of this word (“실수”) translates to “a mistake”
Notes:
By adding “~하다” you can say “to make a mistake”
Example:
범죄자는 그의 실수를 인정했어요 = The criminal acknowledged his mistakes
제 행동은 실수인 것을 깨달았어요 = I realised that my actions (what I did) is/was a mistake
62
수리하다
to repair
Examples:
그는 고장 난 컴퓨터를 수리했어요 = He repaired the broken computer
복사기를 수리해야 되었어요 = We had to repair the photocopier
집주인이 물이 흘러나올까 봐 지붕을 수리했어요 = The landlord was worried that water would flow in, so he fixed up (repaired) the roof
63
잡다
to catch, to grab, to grasp
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “잡따”
Common Usages:
자리를 잡다 = to take a place and sit down
손을 잡다 = to hold one’s hand
꽉 잡다 = to hold on tight(ly)
Example:
저는 공을 잡았어요 = I caught the ball
그는 직업을 바꿀 수 있는 기회를 잡았어요 = He seized the opportunity to change jobs
64
대학교
college, university
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “대학꾜”
Common Usages:
대학생 = university student
대학교를 다니다 = to attend a university
서울대학교 = Seoul National University
Examples:
저는 서울대학교를 다녀요 = I go to (attend) Seoul University
한국에서 대학교는 고등학교보다 덜 어려워요 = In Korea, University is not as hard as high school
어느 대학교를 다녀요? = Which university do you go to?
어느 대학교를 졸업했어요? = Which university did you graduate from?
저는 10년 전에 서울대학교를 졸업했어요 = I graduated from Seoul University 10 years ago
대학교에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요 = If you want to go to university, you have to study hard
아들이 대학교를 졸업해서 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 = Now that our son has graduated from University, we need to congratulate him
원래 대학교에 갈 계획이 있었지만 수능을 잘 못 봐서 대학교에 갈 수 없었어요 = I had plans to go to university, but I couldn’t get in because I did poorly on the SAT test
65
트럭
truck
Notes:
Korean pronunciation of the English word “truck”
Example:
그 고속도로에서 트럭을 운전해서는 안 돼요 = You must not drive a truck on that highway
66
되다
to become
One of the usages of 되다 is to make a verb change to the passive voice. This is introduced in Lesson 14. For example:
점심이 학교에 준비되었어요 = The lunch was provided by the school
In addition to this, there are many ways 되다 can be used. This is just a small sample:
To indicate that one becomes something:
미래에 저는 의사가 되고 싶어요 = I want to be a doctor in the future
저는 언젠가 선생님이 되고 싶어요 = I want to become a teacher someday
To indicate that you have been doing something for a certain amount of time:
밥을 먹은 지 5분 됐어요 = I have been eating for 5 minutes
운동한 지 오래 됐어요? = Have you been exercising for a long time?
To indicate that something that something is “ready” or “done” or “finished”
밥이 아직 안 됐어요 = The rice isn’t ready yet
저는 갈 준비 됐어요 = I am ready to go
Wifi가 잘 안 돼요 = The WiFi doesn’t work well
To indicate that one can or cannot do something:
지금 가도 돼요? = May I go now?
안 가도 돼요 = You don’t have to go
67
시작하다
to start
Common Usages:
~기 시작하다 = to start to do a verb
Example:
그는 밥을 벌써 먹기 시작했어요 = He started eating already
수업이 4시쯤에 시작될 예정이에요 = The class is scheduled to start at about 4:00pm
저는 아무 때나 일을 시작할 준비됐어요 = I am ready to start working any time
68
행동하다
to act
The noun form of this word (“행동”) translates to “an action.”
Notes: This meaning is not “to act” in the sense of an actor or actress. Instead, this meaning is similar to somebody doing something, for example: “act responsibly”.
Example:
부모님 앞에서 그렇게 행동하지 마세요 = Don’t act that way in front of your parents
저는 과거에 그런 행동을 많이 했어요 = I acted like that a lot in the past
그는 실망스럽게 행동했어요 = He acted disappointingly (in a disappointed way)
그 사람은 가난한 사람인 것처럼 행동했어요 = That person acted like a poor person
내 행동은 실수인 것을 깨달았어 = I realized that my actions (what I did) is/was a mistake
69
소개하다
to introduce
Common Usages:
소개팅 = a blind date
소개시키다 = to introduce somebody to somebody else
Example:
저는 여자친구를 가족한테 소개했어요 = I introduced my girlfriend to my family
70
발견하다
to discover, to find
The noun form of this word (“발견”) translates to “a discovery.”
Common Usages:
발견자 = discoverer
Example:
벤자민 프랭클린은 전기를 발견했어요 = Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity
옛날 사람들은 불을 발견했어요 = People from a long time ago (ancient people) discovered fire
71
방문하다
to visit
Example:
저는 친구를 방문하러 한국에 갔어요 = I went to Korean to visit my friend
나는 너를 다음 번에 방문할 거야 = I will visit you next time
72
잃다
to lose
Common Usages:
잃어버리다 = to lose, but with a stronger negative emphasis
길을 잃다 = to get lost (literally “to lose the road”
정신을 잃다 = to go crazy (literally “to lose one’s mind”)
기억을 잃다 = to lose one’s memory
Example:
저는 열쇠를 잃어버렸어요 = I lost my keys
사람 네 명은 목숨을 잃었다 = four people lost their lives (four people died)
73
잃어버리다
to lose
Sometimes you will find two verbs connected by “~아/어”. This grammatical principle is fairly complex and isn’t discussed in great detail until Lesson 70.
A basic explanation for now is that “~아/어” essentially has no real meaning, and that the meaning of both verbs comes out. “버리다” is probably the most common verb that you will find after a verb and ~아/어. Constructions in this format “(verb + ~아/어 + 버리다) add emotion to a sentence. The emotion is as if something was “thrown away” or done without any real thinking of the consequences. Some quick examples:
끄다= to turn off
꺼 버리다= to turn off (with that added emotion)
가다= to go
가 버리다= to go (with that added emotion)
```
잊다= to forget
잊어버리다= to forget (with that added emotion)
```
Notice that 잃어버리다 and 잊어버리다 are actually independent words – whereas the other examples include a space (two verbs with a grammatical principle separating them)
Examples:
저는 열쇠를 잃어버렸어요 = I lost my keys
저는 아이를 잃어버려서 걱정이 되었어요= I was worried because I lost the baby)
저는 친구의 집에서 열쇠를 잃어버렸어요 = I lost my keys at a friend’s house
74
입다
to put on one's clothes, to wear
Common Usages:
옷을 입다 = to put on one’s clothes
따뜻하게 입다 = to dress warmly
갈아입다 = to change clothes
Notes:
The word 입히다 is used when you are putting the clothes on somebody else
Examples:
저는 보통 까만 양복을 입어요 = I usually wear black suits
그 셔츠를 탈의실에서 입어 봤어요 = I tried on that shirt in the change room
이 셔츠가 너무 작아서 못 입어요 = I can’t put this shirt on because it is too small
학생들이 교복을 입기 때문에 다 똑같은 옷을 입었어요
= All the students wore exactly the same clothes because they wear uniforms
결혼식에서 이 셔츠가 너무 이상해 보일까 봐 화려한 것을 입었어요
= I was worried that this shirt would look too weird at the wedding, so I put on a more colorful/fancy one
지난 겨울에는 이 자켓을 입었는데 너무 추워서 이번에는 패딩을 샀어요
= Last winter I wore this jacket but it was too cold, so this time I bought a thick, padded winter jacket
75
벗다
to take off one's clothes
Common Usages:
옷을 벗다 = to take off one’s clothes
Notes: The word 벗기다 is used when you are taking the clothes off of somebody else
Example:
저는 저의 옷을 벗었어요 = I took off my clothes
한국 사람들은 집에 들어가기 전에 신발을 벗어요 = Korean people take off their shoes before entering one’s house
76
웃다
to laugh
Common Usages:
웃음 = laughter, a smile
웃게 해 주다 = to make somebody laugh
Example:
웃지 마세요! = Please don’t laugh!
그 여자가 하나도 안 웃었어요 = That girl didn’t laugh at all
77
달리다
to run
Common Usages:
달리기 = running
Notes: “뛰다” is another common way to say “to run”
Example:
저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요 = I ran really quickly
저는 1시간 동안 달렸어요 = I ran for one hour
저는 집 안에서 달렸어요 = I ran inside the house
저는 달리기를 제일 빨리 할 수 있어요 = I can run the fastest (the most fast)
그 학생은 모든 학생들보다 더 빨리 달려요 = That student runs faster than any other student
그는 축구선수인 만큼 달리기를 잘해요 = He runs as well as a soccer athlete/player
78
요리하다
to cook
The noun form of this word translates to “cooking”
Common Usages:
요리사 = chef
Example:
우리 엄마는 요리를 잘 해요 = Our mom is good at cooking
엄마가 요리한 음식은 너무 맛있어요 = The food my mom cooked is delicious
저의 아내는 자기가 요리한 것을 보통 안 먹어요 = My wife usually doesn’t eat the food she cooks
저의 할머니는 요리를 너무 잘해요 = My grandmother cooks very well
79
운전하다
to drive
```
Common Usages:
운전사 = driver
음주 운전 = drunk driving
운전면허 = driver’s license
국제운전면허 = International driver’s license
운전을 못하다 = to be bad at driving
```
Example:
트럭을 운전할 수 있어요? = Can you drive a truck?
저는 8시간 동안 운전했어요 = I drove for eight hours
저는 차를 안전히/안전하게 운전했어요 = I drove the car safely
우리 아버지는 차를 항상 안전하게 운전해요= Our dad always drives his car safely
그 고속도로에서 트럭을 운전해서는 안 돼요 = You must not drive a truck on that highway
80
팔다
to sell
팔다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Common Usages:
양심을 팔다 = to go against one’s conscience (“to sell one’s conscience” or “to sell one’s soul”)
Examples:
우리는 밥과 빵을 팔아요 = We sell rice and bread
저는 내일 시장에서 사과를 팔 거예요 = I will sell apples at the market tomorrow
이 가게는 싼 음식을 팔아요 = this store sells cheap/inexpensive food
우리 아버지는 예전에 옷을 팔았어요 = Our dad sold clothes in the past
저는 저의 오래된 핸드폰을 팔았어요 = I sold my old phone
그는 자기 차를 팔고 후회했어요 = He regrets selling his car
이 제품을 소매로 팔았을 때 돈을 많이 못 벌어서 지금부터 도매로 팔 거예요
= When I sold this product through retail, I didn’t make any money so from now on I’m going to start selling it through wholesale
81
사다
to buy
Common Usages:
사 주다 = to buy for somebody (the grammar for this is taught in Lesson 41)
싸게 사다 = to buy something at an inexpensive price
비싸게 사다 = to buy something at an expensive price
Examples:
저는 사과만 샀어요 = I only bought apples
저는 사과와 바나나를 샀어요 = I bought apples and bananas
저는 저의 여자 친구를 위해 꽃을 샀어요 = I bought flowers for my girlfriend
만화책을 샀나요? = Did you buy the comic book?
무엇을 샀어요? = What did you buy?
치마를 몇 개 샀어요? = How many skirts did you buy?
그것을 사는 것은 돈 낭비일 뿐이에요 = Buying that is just a waste of money
교감선생님은 선생님들을 위해 식사를 살 거예요 = The vice principal will buy a meal for all the teachers
할인을 얼마나 해 줄지 상관없이 저는 그것을 안 살 거예요= It doesn’t matter how much of a discount you give me, I’m not going to buy it
82
신청하다
to apply
The noun form of this word translates to “application”
Common Usages:
신청서 = application form
신청마감일 = application deadline
장학금을 신청하다 = to apply for a scholarship
Example:
저는 교장선생님께 저의 신청서를 드렸어요 = I gave my application form to the principal
인도에 가고 싶으면 비자를 신청해야 돼요 = You need to apply for a visa if you want to go to India
연수를 받으시고 싶다면 내일까지 신청하시기 바랍니다 = If you want to receive the training, please apply by tomorrow
83
모르다
to not know
모르다 follows the 르 irregular
Common Usages:
모르는 듯 = as if one didn’t know
모르는 척하다 = to pretend that one doesn’t know
Notes: Although “모르겠다” is technically the future tense of the word, it is often used in the present tense to mean “I don’t know.”
Example:
우리가 언제 도착할지 모르겠어요 = I don’t know when we will arrive
할아버지가 여기에 계신지 몰랐어요 = I didn’t know you were here, grandpa
그 사람이 너의 아버지인 줄 몰랐어요 = I didn’t know that person is your father
84
쓰다
to cover one's head
쓰다 follows the ㅡ irregular
Common Usages:
모자를 쓰다 = to wear a hat
Notes: The word 씌우다 is used when covering somebody’s head with something. The most common case this would come up is when holding an umbrella for somebody.
Example:
저의 아버지가 저 모자를 매일 써요 = My dad wears that hat every day
85
나가다
to go out
Common Usages: There are many different ways this word can be used
집에서 나가다 = to go out of the house
몇 킬로 나가요? = How much do you weigh?
시합에 나가다 = to participate in a competition
Example:
밖에 나갈래요? = Shall we go outside?
밖에 나가기 전에 집을 청소해야 돼요! = Before I go out, I need to clean the house
선생님들은 다 나갔어요 = All the teachers left (went out)
문을 열어서 밖으로 나갔어요 = I opened the door and then went outside
그는 방금 나갔어요 = He just left
86
나오다
to come out
Common Usages: There are many different ways this word can be used
집에서 나오다 = to come out of a house
영화에 나오다 = to be/appear in a movie (to come out of a movie)
펜이 안 나오다 = the pen isn’t working (ink isn’t coming out of the pen)
회사에 나오다 = to show up for work
말이 안 나오다 = for words to not come out (of one’s mouth)
Notes: Aside from literally meaning “to come out” Korean people use this word to say that somebody is “in” a movie or TV show. In English, I would say “Will Smith is in Men in Black.” In Korean, they would say “Will Smith은 Men in Black에 나왔어요.”
Example:
학생들은 교실에서 나왔어요 = The students came out of the classroom
결과가 아직 안 나왔어요 = The results haven’t come out yet
87
내리다
to get off, to go down, to come down
```
Common Usages:
버스에서 내리다 = to get off the bus
전철에서 내리다 = to get off the subway
내려오다 = to come down
내려가다 = to go down
```
Example:
저는 다음 정류장에서 내릴 거예요 = I’m going to get off at the next stop
저는 서울역에서 내릴 거예요 = I will get off at Seoul station
문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 버스에서 내리거나 문에 기대지 마세요 = Until the door is fully/completely open, don’t get off the bus or lean on the door
88
마시다
to drink
Common Usages:
음료수를 마시다 = to drink a beverage
술을 마시다 = to drink alcohol
들여 마시다 = to breathe in
Example:
저는 애기에게 우유를 마시라고 했어요 = I told the baby to drink his milk
애기는 우유 대신에 물만 마시고 싶어요 = Instead of milk, the baby wants to drink only water
저는 녹차를 엄마랑 같이 마셨어요 = I drank green tea with my mom
저는 친구들이랑 커피를 마셨어요 = I drank coffee with my friends
술을 마셨어요? = Were you drinking (alcohol)?
뭐 마실래요? = Depending on the situation, this could mean “Shall we drink something?” or “What shall we drink.” 뭐 could represent a question (“what”) or something ambiguous (“something”).
89
출발하다
to depart
The noun form of this word translates to “departure”
```
Common Usages:
출발 시간 = the time of departure
출발역 = the first (departing) station
출발점 = the point of departure
출발지 = the point of departure (usually used when filling out a customs form upon arrival in a new country)
```
Example:
우리는 언제 출발할 거예요? = When are we going to leave/depart?
비행기가 아직 출발할 준비가 안 됐습니까? = Is the plane not yet ready to depart?
저는 인천공항에서 출발했어요 = I departed from Incheon airport
PLAY다음 버스는 저 정류장에서 출발할 거예요 = The next bus will depart from that station
우리는 집에서 출발할 거예요 = We will depart from home
비행기가 9시에 출발할 예정이지만 눈이 많이 와서 못 출발할 것 같아요 = The plane is scheduled to depart at 9:00, but it probably won’t because it is snowing a lot
90
독서하다
to read a book
Common Usages:
독서실 = reading room
Notes: This word less common and more difficult than “읽다.” When using 독서하다, within the meaning of the verb is that one is reading a book. You don’t need to include the object “책” if using this verb. It is common in its noun form “독서” to refer to the noun of reading a book.
Example:
심심할 때 독서를 하는 것이 좋아요 = When bored, reading books is good
내일 공부하러 독서실에 갈래요? = Shall we go to the reading room tomorrow to study?
91
넘어지다
to fall
Common Usages:
넘어질 뻔하다 = to almost fall
Example:
길이 미끄러워서 저는 넘어졌어요 = I fell over because the road is slippery
네가 넘어질 것처럼 보였어 = It looked like you were going to fall
늙은 아주머니는 넘어졌어요 = The old lady fell over
만약 엄마의 손을 안 잡았더라면 넘어졌을 거예요 = If I didn’t grab mom’s hand, I would have fallen
92
유학하다
to study abroad
Example:
저는 캐나다에서 유학했어요 = I studied abroad in Canada
영어를 할 수 없으면 유학을 갈 수 없어요 = If you can’t speak English, you can’t study abroad
93
바꾸다
to change
Common Usages:
자리를 바꾸다 = to change places/seats
Example:
우리는 계획을 바꿔야 돼요 = We have to change our plans
저는 내일의 예정을 바꿨어요 = I changed tomorrow’s schedule
비가 온 다음 날에 하늘은 보라색으로 바꿨어요 = The sky turned purple the day after the rain
새로운 핸드폰을 사고 전화번호를 바꿨어요 = After buying a new phone, I changed my phone number
그 식당은 메뉴를 바꿨어요 = That restaurant changed its menu
94
복습하다
to review, to re-study
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “복쓰파다”
Common Usages:
복습수업 = review class
Example:
저는 그것을 처음부터 끝까지 복습했어요 = I reviewed that from start to finish
시험을 보기 전 날에 내용을 복습해야 돼요 = I need to review the content on the day before the exam
95
속삭이다
to whisper
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “속싸기다”
Example:
저는 그녀의 귀에 속삭였어요 = I whispered into her ear
96
축하하다
to congratulate
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “추카하다”
Common Usages:
축하합니다! = Congratulations!
생일 축하합니다! = Happy Birthday!
Example: 아들이 대학교를 졸업해서 우리는 축하를 해야 돼요 = Now that our son has graduated from University, we need to congratulate him
97
일어나다
to rise, to get up
Notes: There are many adverbs that are used in specific situations to give a sentence feel or emphasis. To indicate that one “sprang” up, the adverb 벌떡 can be used.
일어나다 literally means “to get up” from a sitting/laying position to a standing position. However, it is often used to indicate that one “wakes up” because one usually “gets up” from bed when they wake up. As such, the translation of “일어나다” could be “to get up” or “to wake up” depending on the situation.
Example:
언제 일어났어요? = When did you get up?
군인들은 매일 일찍 일어나야 돼요 = Soldiers have to wake up early every day
그녀는 의자에서 일어났어요 = She rose up from her chair
저는 아침에 일찍 일어났어요 = I woke up early in the morning
우리는 내일 일찍 일어나야 돼요 = We need to wake up early tomorrow morning
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준비하다
to prepare, to get ready
The noun form of this word translates to “preparation”
```
Common Usages:
~ㄹ/을 준비 하다 = One is read to _____
준비시간 = preparation time
준비기간 = preparation period
시험준비 = preparation for an exam
```
Examples:
저는 아직 준비를 안 했어요 = I still haven’t gotten ready yet
저는 지금 갈 준비가 됐어요 = I am ready to go now
아버지를 위해 시원한 물을 준비했어요 = I prepared cool water for my father
저는 점심을 준비했어요 = I prepared (the) lunch
저는 아무 때나 일을 시작할 준비됐어요 = I am ready to start working any time
99
들어오다
to come in
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “드러오다”
Common Usages:
들어오세요! = Come in!
들어오지 마세요 = Don’t come in
Notes: Formed by combining 들다 (to enter) and 오다 (to come).
Example:
학생들은 9시에 학교에 들어왔어요 = The students came into the school at 9:00
그 남자는 방에 들어왔어요 = That man came into room
100
들어가다
to go in
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “드러가다”
Common Usages:
A에… B가… 들어가 있다 = for A to contain B
Notes: Formed by combining 들다 (to enter) and 가다 (to go).
“들어가세요” is often said to people when they leave a place, almost as a greeting like “goodbye.”
Often used with ~아/어 있다 to indicate that something contains something. For example:
김치에 고추가 들어가 있어요 = There is red peppers in 김치
이 박스에 책이 들어가 있어요 = There are books in this box
Other Examples:
샴푸가 눈에 들어갔어요 = Shampoo went into my eyes
학생들은 9시에 학교에 들어갔어요 = The students went into the school at 9:00
수영장에 들어간 후에 옷이 완전히 젖었어요 =My clothes are completely wet after going into the pool
이 길이 너무 좁아서 저는 못 들어가요 = I can’t go onto this road because it is so narrow
그 가게에 18세 미만은 못 들어가요 = Those under 18 years of age can’t enter that store
우리는 집에 같이 들어갔어요 = We went into the house together
저는 문을 열고 방에 들어갔어요 = I opened the door and went into the room
101
입장하다
to enter (the verb form of 'admission')
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “입짱하다”
The noun form of this word translates to “admission”
Common Usages:
무료입장 = free admission
입장료 = admission price
Example:
몇 시부터 입장할 수 있어요? = From what time can we enter?
102
숨쉬다
to breathe
Common Usages:
숨을 못 쉬다 = to not be able to breathe
Example: 저는 운동을 열심히 하고 숨을 빨리 쉬었어요 = After I exercised I was breathing really fast
103
켜다
to turn on
The passive form of this word is 켜지다 (to be turned on)
Example:
저는 아까 컴퓨터를 켰어요 = I turned the computer on earlier
104
끄다
to turn off
The passive form of this word is “꺼지다” (to be turned off)
끄다 follows the ㅡ irregular
Examples:
저는 불을 껐어요 = I turned the lights off
저는 TV를 껐어요 = I turned the TV off
105
숨다
to hide oneself
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “숨따”
Common Usages:
숨어 있다 = to be hidden
Notes: This is used when somebody hides his/herself. When hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.
Example:
저는 큰 박스 뒤에 숨었어요 = I hid behind a big box
106
숨기다
to hide an object
Notes: When hiding oneself, the word 숨다 is used. For example: 저는 박스 뒤에 숨었어요
However, when hiding an object, 숨기다 is used.
Examples:
저는 반지를 박스 안에 숨겼어요 = I hid the ring in a box
그녀는 아이가 죽었다는 사실을 숨겼어요 = She hid (the fact that) her child died
107
고장내다
to break
The passive form of this word is “고장 나다” (to be broken)
Notes: The passive form of this word is more commonly used than the active version.
Example:
저는 컴퓨터를 고장 냈어요 = I broke the computer
108
놓다
to lay an object down
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “노타”
The passive form of this word is “놓이다” (to be placed on something)
Examples:
펜을 탁자에 놓으세요! = Put your pens on the table!
저는 병을 탁자에 놓았어요 = I put the bottle on the table
109
눕다
to lie down
눕다 follows the ㅂ irregular
Common Usages:
누워 있다 = to be lying down
누워서… 하다 = to do something while lying down
Notes: The word 눕히다 is used to indicate that you laid another person down
Examples:
저는 침대에 잠깐 눕고 싶어요 = I want to lie down for just a second
저는 누워서 책을 읽었어요 = I lied down and read a book
피곤한 사람은 침대에 누워서 잤어요 = The tired person lied on the bed and slept
110
존경하다
to respect
Notes: When one receives respect, 존경 받다 is used
Examples:
아이들은 자기 부모님을 존경해야 돼요 = Children must respect their parents
저는 저의 형을 존경해요 = I respect my brother
만약 제가 선생님이라면 학생들에게 존경을 받고 싶을 거예요 = If I were a teacher, I would want to be respected by students
111
대체하다
to replace
The noun form of this word translates to “replacement”
Examples:
회사는 기계를 대체했어요 = The company replaced the machine
교실에서 선생님들을 컴퓨터로 대체할 수 없어요 = You can’t replace teachers with computers in the classroom
112
제공하다
to provide, to offer
Examples:
그 헬스장은 개인 사물함을 제공해요 = That gym provides a personal locker
우리 학교는 외국 선생님들한테 집을 제공해요 = The school provides housing to foreign teachers
113
포함하다
to include
Common Usages:
~를/을 포함해서 = including…
우리를 포함해서 = including us
Example:
이 가격은 세금을 포함해요 = This price includes tax
이 뷔페가격은 음료수를 포함해요 = This buffet price includes drinks
나를 포함해서 네 명이 있어요 = There are four people including me
114
내다
to make something come up/arise/occur
돈을 내다 = to pay (money)
세금을 내다 = to pay taxes
신청 서류를 내다 = to submit an application form
However, it can be found attached to many words that also have a 나다 (passive) equivalent:
저는 컴퓨터를 고장 냈어요 = I broke the computer
저는 숙제를 끝냈어요 = I finished my homework
Notes: Words ending in 내다 can usually be switched to end in 나다 to change the meaning from active to passive (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. When used by itself, it usually translates to “pay” or to “submit” For example:
115
싸우다
to fight
Common Usages:
싸움 = a fight
싸우지 마세요 = Don’t fight
Example:
그는 여자 친구랑 지금 싸우고 있어요 = He is fighting with his girlfriend now
교실에서 싸우지 마세요= Don’t fight in the classroom
우리 할아버지는 한국전쟁에서 싸웠어요 = Our grandfather fought in the Korean War
116
속이다
to trick somebody
The passive form of this word is “속다” (to be tricked)
Example: 저는 친구를 속였어요 = I tricked my friend
117
감동하다
to impress
The noun form of this word translates to “impression”
Notes: More commonly used as 감동받다 (to be impressed) and 감동시키다 (to impress)
Example:
저는 당신의 말에 감동받았어요 = I was impressed with what you said
저는 학생들에게 감동을 크게 받았어요 = I was greatly impressed by the students
118
서다
to stand
Common Usages:
서서 … 하다 = to do something while standing
서 있다 = to be standing
Notes: To indicate that you went from the sitting/lying down position to standing, the word “일어나다” (to get up) should be used.
Examples:
우리는 한 시간 동안 줄에 서 있었어요 = We were standing in the line for an hour
저는 줄에 서서 순서를 기다렸어요 = I stood in line and waited for my turn
119
잠기다 (PV)
to be locked
The active form of this word is “잠그다” (to lock)
Example:
문이 잠겨 있어요 = The door is locked
120
켜지다 (PV)
to be turned on
The active form of this word is “켜다” (to turn on)
Example:
컴퓨터가 켜져 있어요 = The computer is (in the state of being) on
121
꺼지다 (PV)
to be turned off
The active form of this word is “끄다” (to turn off)
Example:
TV가 꺼져 있어요 = The TV is (in the state of being) off
122
나다 (PV)
to have something you didn’t have
Common Usages:
열이 나다 = to have a fever (for a fever to come up)
생각이 나다 = to think of (for a thought to come up)
기억이 나다 = to remember(for a memory to come up)
화가 나다 = to get angry (for anger to come up)
질투가 나다 = to get jealous (for jealously to come up)
짜증이 나다 = to be annoyed (for annoyance to come up)
Examples:
좋은 생각이 났어요! = I have a good idea
우리 아들은 열이 났어요 = My son has a fever
Notes: Words ending in 나다 can usually be switched to end in 내다 to change the meaning from passive to active (and vice-versa). However, not all words ending in 나다 have an equivalent 내다 verb (and vice-versa). 나다 and 내다 can be used as standalone verbs as well as be attached to other words. Both of their meanings are very complex and depend heavily on the situation. I discuss this more deeply in this lesson.
123
고장나다 (PV)
to be broken
The active form of this word is “고장 내다” (break)
Example:
PLAY 컴퓨터는 고장 났어요 = the computer is broken
124
화나다 (PV)
to be mad
Example:
저의 여자 친구는 저한테 화(가) 났어요 = My girlfriend was mad at me
선생님을 존경하지 않으면 나는 화가 날 거야 = If you don’t respect your teacher, I will be mad
125
짜증나다 (PV)
to be annoyed
Example:
저는 그가 너무 짜증나요 = I am annoyed at him
수압이 너무 낮아서 우리 집에서 샤워를 하면 짜증이 나요
= It is annoying showering at my house because the water pressure is too low
126
놓이다 (PV)
For an object to be lying down
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “노이다”
The active form of this word is “놓다” (to put down)
Common Usages:
놓여 있다 = for something to be “lying” somewhere
Examples:
펜이 탁자에 놓여 있어요 = The pen is on the table (lying on the table)
책상에 책 몇 권이 놓여 있어요 = There are some books on the desk
127
열리다 (PV)
to be open
The active form of this word is “열다” (to open)
Common Usages:
열려 있다 = to be open
Examples:
문이 열려 있어요 = The door is open(ed)
문이 열려 있을 것 같아요 = The door will probably be open
128
닫히다 (PV)
to be closed
The active form of this word is “닫다” (to close)
Common Usages:
닫혀 있다 = to be closed
Examples:
문이 닫혀 있었어요 = The door was closed
문은 바람에 닫혔어요 = The door was closed by the wind
129
속다 (PV)
to be tricked
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “속따”
The active form of this word is “속이다” (to trick)
Example:
저는 친구에게 속았어요 = I was tricked by my friend
130
들다
to lift, to carry, to hold
들다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Common Usages:
고개를 들다 = to raise one’s head
손을 들다 = to raise one’s hand
들어올리다 = to raise something/put it up
Notes: 들다 can be used in many different ways. “to lift/carry/hold something” is one of the main overarching usages. See below in this lesson for more information
Examples:
저는 바닥에 있는 박스를 들었어요 = I lifted the box on the floor
그는 고개를 들었어요 = He lifted his head
저는 손을 들었어요 = I raised my hand
저는 가방을 들었어요 = I carried the/my bag
131
들다
to enter, to go into
들다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Notes: 들다 can be used in many different ways. “to enter, go into” is one of the main overarching usages. See below in this lesson for more information
Common Usages:
들어가다 = to go in
들어오다 = to come in
Examples:
PLAY나는 동아리에 들었어 = I joined a club
저는 잠이 들었어요 = I fell asleep (I “entered” sleep)
저는 그 그림이 마음에 들어요 = I like that picture (That picture enters my heart)
132
가져오다
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “가저오다”
This is not used when you “bring” a person somewhere. Instead, the word “데려오다” is used
저는 저의 숙제를 가져왔어요 = I brought my homework
저는 지갑을 안 가져왔어요 = I didn’t bring my wallet
저는 친구가 사과를 가져오는 것을 원해요 = I want my friend to bring apples
비가 올 까봐 우산을 가져왔어요 = I brought an umbrella because I was worried that it was going to rain
133
가져가다
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “가저가다”
This is not used when you “take” a person somewhere. Instead, the word “데려가다” is used
Examples:
얼마나 많은 돈을 가져갈 거예요? = How much money will you bring/take?
날씨가 너무 더울 것이기 때문에 반바지를 가져갈 거예요 = I am going to bring/take shorts because the weather will be hot
134
돌리다
Common Usages:
세탁기를 돌리다 = to turn on, use a washing machine
기계를 돌리다 = to use a machine
A를 돌리다 = to distribute something
Examples:
저는 밤에 세탁기를 돌렸어요 = I ran my laundry machine at night
저는 친구들에게 선물을 돌렸어요 = I distributed/handed out presents to my friends
135
돌다
to turn oneself, to rotate oneself
돌다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Common Usages:
돌아가다 = to go back
돌아오다 = to come back
Notes: 돌리다 is used when one turns an object. 돌다 can be used when one turns his/her body.
Examples:
캐나다에 언제 돌아올 거예요? = When are you coming back to Canada?
우리는 사거리에서 왼쪽으로 돌았어요 = We turned left at the intersection
136
돌아보다
to look back
Notes: A compound verb made up of “돌다” and “보다”
Example:
저는 그녀를 돌아봤어요 = I looked back at her
137
돌아가다
Notes: A compound verb made up of “돌다” and “가다.” If you are currently in a place and are talking about returning to another place. For example, if you are from Canada but currently in Korea and talking about returning to Canada (i.e. going back to Canada), you should use this word instead of “돌아오다.”
Common Usages:
돌아가시다 = A formal way to say somebody has “passed away” (the honorific ~(으)시 is introduced in Lesson 39)
Examples:
저는 언젠가 고향에 돌아가고 싶어요 = I want to go back to my hometown some day
저는 9월1일에 캐나다에 돌아갈 거예요 = I will go back to Canada on September 1st
무슨 일이 벌어지든지 간에 제가 집에 돌아가야 돼요 = Regardless of what happens, I need to go back/return home
138
돌아오다
to come back, to return
Notes: A compound verb made up of “돌다” and “오다.” If you are currently in a place and are talking about returning to the same place. For example, if you are from Canada talking about returning to Canada (i.e. coming back to Canada), you should use this word instead of “돌아가다.”
Examples:
캐나다에 언제 돌아올 거예요? = When are you coming back to Canada?
학생들은 다음 주에 학교에 돌아와요 = The students return to school next week
경찰관들은 경찰서에 돌아왔어요 = The police officers returned to the police station
거기에 가서 돈을 갖고 돌아오세요! = Go over there, get the money and then come back!
모든 선생님들은 지금 회의 중이니 20분 후에 돌아오면 돼= All the teachers are in a meeting now, so come back in 20 minutes
139
돌려주다
to give back
Notes: A compound verb made up of “돌리다” and “주다”
Example:
저는 친구에게 책을 돌려줬어요 = I gave my friend back his boo
140
걸다
to hang
걸다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Common Usages:
시동을 걸다 = to start the engine of your car
Example:
저는 사진을 벽에 걸었어요 = I hung a picture on the wall
141
주문하다
to order
Common Usages:
주문을 받다 = to receive an order
주문을 취소하다 = to cancel an order
Examples:
저기요! 지금 주문할게요! = Excuse me! We would like to order now!
음료수를 주문할래요? = Shall we order some drinks?
지금 주문해도 돼요? = Can we/I order now?
142
결혼하다
to get married
The noun form of this word translates to “marriage”
Examples:
그녀는 아직 결혼하지 않았어요 = She still hasn’t gotten married yet
그 부부는 50년 전에 결혼했어요 = That couple got married 50 years ago
우리는 올해 결혼하고 싶어요 = We want to get married this year
우리는 결혼식의 날짜를 아직 안 정했어요 = We still haven’t set a date for the wedding
143
부르다
to call out
부르다 follows the 르 irregular
Notes: When used to say that one “calls” something by a certain name, “라고” is usually used in the sentence.
Examples:
저는 저의 여자 친구를 ‘애기’라고 불러요 = I call my girlfriend “baby”
저는 그의 이름을 불렀어요 = I called his name
저는 저의 누나를 불렀어요 = I called my sister
144
고르다
to choose, to pick
고르다 follows the 르 irregular
Example:
저는 이것과 저젓 중에 고를 수 없어요 = I can’t choose between the two
우리는 맛있는 고기를 골라서 같이 먹었어요 = We chose delicious meat then ate together
저는 두 번째 남자를 골랐어요 = I chose the second man
145
넣다
to insert, to put inside
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “너타”
Examples:
저는 야채를 냉장고에 넣었어요 = I put the vegetables in the fridge
저는 핸드폰을 상자에 넣었어요 = I put the phone in the box
케이크 반죽에 밀가루를 넣으세요 = Put some flour into the cake batter, please
146
경험하다
to experience
Example:
그는 어려운 삶을 경험했어요 = He experienced a difficult life
그 학교에서 일한 것은 좋은 경험이었어요 = Working at that school was good experience
제가 여기서 일하고 싶은 이유는 새로운 경험을 하고 싶기 때문이에요 = The reason I want to work here is because I want to have a new experience
147
설명하다
to explain
The noun form of this word translates to “an explanation”
Example:
저는 어려운 내용을 천천히 설명했어요 = I explained the difficult content slowly
저는 선생님에게 숙제에 대한 설명을 요청했어요 = I asked the teacher for an explanation of the homework
저는 학생들한테 그것을 간단히 설명했어요 = I explained it simply to the students
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자랑하다
to show off
Notes: 자랑스럽다 translates to “to be proud”
Example:
자랑하지 마세요! = Don’t show off!
제 친구는 부자인 아버지를 자랑했어요 = My friend boasted about/was showing off his rich father
149
걸리다
passive verb
to be hanging / to be caught, to be stuck, to be trapped / to catch a cold/sickness / to “take” a certain amount of time
Example:
그림은 벽에 걸려 있어요 = The picture is hanging on the wall
나는 줄에 걸렸어 = I tripped over the line
Common Usages:
감기에 걸리다 = to catch a cold
독감에 걸리다 = to catch the flu
Example:
저는 감기에 걸렸어요 = I caught a cold/I have a cold
모든 학생들은 감기에 걸렸어요 = All the students have a cold
한 시간 걸리다 = to take one hour
Example:
서울부터 인천까지 두 시간 걸려요 = It takes two hours to get from Seoul to Incheon
우리 학교에서 식당까지 10분 걸려요 = It takes 10 minutes to get from our school to the restaurant
150
풀다
to untie, to unfasten, to loosen
풀다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Common Usages:
코를 풀다 = to blow one’s nose
스트레스를 풀다 = to relieve stress
문제를 풀다 = to solve a problem
신발끈을 풀다 = to untie one’s shoes
Examples:
운동은 스트레스를 풀어요 = exercise relieves stress
저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I solved that math problem using a paper and a pencil
저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I solved that math problem using a paper and a pencil
이 붕대를 풀자마자 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요 = As soon as you unravel this bandage, the baby can start crawling around
151
꿈꾸다
to dream
Common Usages:
이상한 꿈을 꾸다 = to have a weird dream
Example:
저는 어젯밤에 이상한 꿈을 꿨어요 = I had a strange dream last night
152
태어나다
to be born
Common Usages:
태어났을 때부터 = since I was born/my whole life
한국에서 태어나다 = to be born in Korean
Example:
저는 캐나다에서 태어났어요 = I was born in Canada
저는 한국에서 태어난 게 아니라 캐나다에서 태어난 교포예요
= I wasn’t born is Korea, I am a foreign-born Korean born in Canada
가난한 집안에서 태어나 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요
= The story of this person being born into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend
저는 한국에서 태어났지만 태어나고 바로 미국으로 이사해서 한국어를 알아들을 수 없어요. 그래서 한국어를 이제 배우기로 했어요.
= I was born in Korea but moved to America right after I was born, so I can’t understand Korean. Therefore, I decided to learn Korean now.
153
다니다
to go somewhere frequently
Common Usages:
기어다니다 = to crawl around
돌아다니다 = to wander around
학교를 다니다 = to attend school
다녀오다 = to go, and then come back
다녀오세요 = This can be used to say “goodbye,” as it literally translates to “to go somewhere, wander around, and then come back.”
Example:
어느 학교를 다녀요? = What school do you go to?
우리 딸은 그 고등학교를 다녀요 = Our daughter attends that high school
우리 어머니는 서울대학교를 다녔어요 = Our mom attended Seoul University
저는 6개월 동안 동남아시아에서 돌아다녔어요 = I wandered around South East Asia for 6 months
154
믿다
to believe, to trust
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “믿따”
Common Usages:
신을 믿다 = To believe in god
종교를 믿다 = To have/believe in a religion
저를 믿어 주세요 = (Please) Believe me!
Examples:
저는 그 사람을 믿을 수 없어요 = I can’t believe/trust that person
저는 그런 사람을 믿지 않아요 = I don’t trust that type of person/those types of people
관객은 대통령이 하는 말을 믿지 않았어요 = The audience didn’t believe what the president said
옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 믿었어요
= A long time ago, Greek people believed in a variety of gods
그 친구는 남의 말만 믿고 저를 무시했어요
= That friend believed what other people said (about me), and ignored me
그 생물 선생님이 종교를 믿어서 자기가 가르치는 내용을 안 믿어요
= That Biology teacher doesn’t believe the content he teaches because he is religious (believes in a religion)
155
때리다
to hit
156
보이다
1.(눈에 들어오다) be seen, come in sight; (나타나다) appear
2.(생각되다, 여겨지다) seem, appear, look (like)
3.to be visible
157
멋있다
cool / awesome
158
이상하다
to be strange
159
적다
to write down
