General Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the four quadrants of the breast?
Upper outer quadrant (UOQ), Upper inner quadrant (UIQ), Lower outer quadrant (LOQ), Lower inner quadrant (LIQ)
Which breast quadrant is the most common location for tumors?
Upper outer quadrant (UOQ)
What is the most common malignancy in women in the United States?
Breast cancer
What percentage of diagnosed breast cancer cases will be men?
One percent
What are the known risk factors for breast cancer?
BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation and exposure to estrogen
What was breast cancer’s rank in mortality among cancers for women?
Used to be first in mortality in women, now second to lung cancer
What are the recommendations for mammograms?
Mammograms annually starting at age 40 and continuing for as long as a woman is in good health.
How often should women in their 20’s and 30’s have a clinical breast exam (CBE)?
About every 3 years.
How often should women 40 years and over have a clinical breast exam (CBE)?
Every year.
When can women start breast self-exams (BSE)?
Women can start breast self-exams (BSE) in their 20’s.
What should high-risk women do regarding breast screening?
High-risk women should get a breast MRI and a mammogram every year starting at age 30.
What are early signs and symptoms of breast cancer?
Painless lump
Nipple discharge
Changes in breast skin color or shape
Swelling
Dimpling
Inverted nipple
Crusting or scaling of the nipple or areola
What are the advanced signs and symptoms of breast cancer?
Ulceration
Fixation to the skin, muscle, or chest wall
Retraction of the skin or nipple
Changes in the breast size
Inflammatory changes in the breast
Bone pain
What is included in the patient workup for breast cancer?
Physical examination, history, image-guided biopsy, and various types of biopsies.
What types of biopsies are used in breast cancer workup?
Fine needle biopsy, core needle biopsy, needle (wire) localized surgical breast biopsy, incisional biopsy, excisional biopsy, and stereotactic breast biopsy.
What is a sentinel node biopsy?
Removal of node(s) first containing metastasis using radioactive tracer and blue colored dye.
What evaluations are needed for fresh tissue in breast cancer?
Evaluation for estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR).
What imaging studies are performed for suspected metastasis in breast cancer?
CT of chest and abdomen, bone scan, and liver scan.
What is the staging system used for breast cancer?
TNM
