Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathology: Breast Cancer > Histology, Tx Modality, & Setup > Flashcards

Histology, Tx Modality, & Setup Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How are breast histologies divided?

A

Invasive/infiltrating

Noninvasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the invasive histologies?

A

Ductal
Lobular
Tubular
Medullary
Papillary
Mucinous
Inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the noninvasive histologies?

A

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

Paget’s disease (of nipple or areola and is rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common histopathology of breast cancer?

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
(IDC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does DCIS stand for?

A

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What stage is DCIS classified as?

A

Stage 0 or Tis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is DCIS invasive or noninvasive?

A

Noninvasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is DCIS treated?

A

Treated by breast-conserving surgery followed by EBRT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What test is done after treatment for DCIS?

A

A test is done to see if the cancer cells have hormone receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is used for treatment if hormone receptors are present?

A

Hormones are also used for treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC)?

A

IBC is a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does Inflammatory Breast Cancer usually present?

A

IBC usually starts with the reddening and swelling of the breast instead of a distinct lump.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How quickly does IBC tend to grow and spread?

A

IBC tends to grow and spread quickly, with symptoms worsening within days or even hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the average age at diagnosis for IBC in white women in the US?

A

The average age at diagnosis for IBC in white women is 57.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the average age at diagnosis for IBC in African American women in the US?

A

The average age at diagnosis for IBC in African American women is 52.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which demographic is more likely to develop IBC?

A

IBC is more common in African American women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What factor increases the likelihood of developing IBC?

A

Being overweight makes a person more likely to develop IBC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a sign of IBC related to the appearance of the breast?

A

Redness of the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What sensation may be felt in the breast with IBC?

A

Aching or burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What appearance may the breast take on in IBC?

A

Orange-peel appearance: Breast may swell and start to look like the peel of a navel orange (‘peau d’orange’).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What lymphatic symptom may occur with IBC?

A

Swelling of lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What change may occur to the nipple in IBC?

Study These Flashcards
A

Flattening or inversion of the nipple

23
Q

What are the routes of spread for breast cancer?

Study These Flashcards
A

Invasion and direct extension
Regional lymphatics
Hematogenous

24
Q

What are the 3 most important lymph nodes involved in breast cancer?

Study These Flashcards
A

Axillary
Internal mammary (IM)
Supraclavicular

25
What is the approximate depth of IM and SC nodes?
3 cm
26
What is the depth for calculation of axillary nodes?
Mid plane
27
Breast cancer spreads by a _____ pattern.
Contiguous
28
What is the typical order of involvement of lymph nodes in breast cancer?
Axillary (first) Internal mammary nodes Supraclivcular nodes
29
Internal mammary nodes are positive more often for cancers occurring in what locations?
Central or inner quadrants
30
Involvement of _____ nodes increases with central or medial tumors and proven Axillary nodal metastasis.
Internal mammary
31
What are the sites of hematogenous spread?
Bone (usually thoracic spine) Liver Lung Brain
32
What is the preferred surgical treatment for primary tumors?
Removal of primary tumor by surgery is preferred with lumpectomy.
33
What does a radical mastectomy involve?
Radical mastectomy involves removal of the breast, pectoralis muscles, and regional lymph nodes (three levels of axillary).
34
What is a modified radical mastectomy?
A modified radical mastectomy is a total mastectomy with axillary nodes dissected and pectoralis minor spared.
35
What is a consequence of removing too many lymph nodes?
The consequence of removing too many lymph nodes is chronic lymphedema.
36
How does local recurrence compare between radical and total mastectomies?
Local recurrence is slightly lower for those with radical mastectomies versus total mastectomies.
37
What is the standard treatment following surgery for candidates not suited for accelerated brachytherapy?
Concomitant cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation.
38
What is the sequence of treatments involving chemotherapy and radiation?
Chemotherapy cycle, then radiation therapy, then another chemotherapy cycle.
39
What role does chemotherapy have following surgery?
Chemotherapy has a role in both cytotoxic and hormonal therapy.
40
What therapy is used to maintain remission if ER and/or PR positive?
Hormonal therapy.
41
What are common cytotoxic combinations used in chemotherapy?
CMF or CAF: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, Adriamycin (doxorubicin).
42
What is a concern when using Adriamycin?
Adriamycin has increased cardiac toxicity.
43
What procedures may be employed for patients receiving radiation to the left breast?
Cardiac gating procedures.
44
What is CMF?
Cyclophosphamide Methotrexate Fluorouracil
45
What is CAF?
Cyclophosphamide Adriamycin (doxorubicin) Flurouracil
46
What is radiation therapy used for after lumpectomy?
Radiation therapy is used definitively to irradiate the entire breast following lumpectomy.
47
What is radiation therapy used for after mastectomy?
Radiation therapy is used to irradiate the chest wall following mastectomy.
48
What is local radiation therapy?
Local radiation, accelerated breast therapy is used following lumpectomy for low-risk patients with small tumors and negative nodes.
49
Who are the ideal candidates for local radiation therapy?
Ideal candidates are older age patients with low-risk small tumors and negative nodes.
50
What type of radiation therapy is used for chest wall after mastectomy?
Chest wall radiation therapy is delivered using electron fields or photon tangential fields.
51
What is the principal concern in EBRT patient positioning setup?
Locating breast lesion’s position and volume of underlying lung
52
Why is the chest elevated in breast setups?
Reduce exposure to the lung
53
What does the slant of the breast board do?
Compensate for the slope of the chest wall while also causing the breast to fall away from the neck (down and out)

Pathology: Breast Cancer (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions