General

Question 1

Inducers

Answer 1

Anticonvulsants: phenytoin, barbiturates, carbamazepine
Anti TB: rifampin 
glucocorticoids
anti fungal: griseofulvin
chronic alcoholism 
aromatic hydrocarbon - smoking 
St. Johns Wort

Question 2

Inhibitors

Answer 2

Anti ulcer: cimetidine, omeprazole
antibiotic: chloramphenicol, macrolides, ciprofloxacin, quinupristin/dalfopristin
Anti TB:  INH
anti HIV: ritonavir
anti fungal: ketoconazole
anti convulsants: valproic acid
amiodarone
SSRI
acute alcohol 
grapefruit juice

Question 3

phase 2 reactions

Answer 3

glucuronidation
acetylation
glutathione
methylation
sulfate conjugation
glycine conjugation

Question 4

phase 1 reactions

Answer 4

oxidation
reduction
deamination
dealkylation
hydrolysis

Question 5

steady state

Answer 5

4-5 half lives

Question 6

increase number of receptors

Answer 6

up regulation

Question 7

decrease number of receptors

Answer 7

down regulation

Question 8

exposure of cells to agonists produces a cAMP mediated response; reduced cAMP mediated response is observed in the continued presence of agonists

Answer 8

desensitization

Question 9

cells recover full responsiveness to a subsequent addition of agonists

Answer 9

resensitization - tachyphylaxis

Question 10

if resensitization fails to occur, or occurs incompletely

Answer 10

tolerance

Question 11

used to generate information regarding the margin of safety - therapeutic index

Answer 11

quantal dose

Question 12

Ec50 is less than Kd, in a system with ______

Answer 12

spare receptors

Question 13

effects of drug as function
healthy volunteers 25-50
safety and pharmacokinetics

Answer 13

phase 1 new drug

Question 14

determine efficacy and safety 
volunteer 100 - 200
single blind design
efficacy and broader range of toxicity 
phase A - dosing
phase B - efficacy and toxicity

Answer 14

phase 2 new drug

Question 15

volunteer 1000-10000
safety and efficacy
double and third blind tech
efficacy, safety, and toxicity studied
phase A - prior to NDA
phase B - after NDA but before approval

Answer 15

phase 3 new drug

Question 16

monitor safety of new drug under actual conditions of use in large numbers of patients

Answer 16

post marketing surveillance - phase 4 new drug

Question 17

treatments for basic drug poisoning

Answer 17

ammonium chloride
vit C
cranberry juice

Question 18

treatments for acidic poisoning

Answer 18

sodium bicarb

acetazolanide

Question 19

organic acid which acts on organic anion transporters and urate transporters in pct
competes with and inhibits uric acid reabsorption in pct
uric acid reabsorption is reduced and more will be excreted

Answer 19

probenecid

Question 20

also inhibits penicillin secretion in PT
when penicillin secretion is reduced, more of the drug remains in body, prolonging its duration of action
aspirin inhibits uric acid secretion

Answer 20

probenecid

Question 21

treatment for acetaminophen overdose

Answer 21

N acetyl cysteine

Question 22

genetically predisposed people - with abnormal functioning pseudocholinesterase enzyme; not metabolized quickly; prolonged neuromuscular paralysis

Answer 22

succinylcholine

Question 23

activates receptor to produce an effect of its own, but of a lesser level, in absence of full agonist

Answer 23

partial agonist

Question 24

based on physical property of drug

Answer 24

physical antagonism

Question 25

based chemical property resulting in an inactive property

Answer 25

chemical antagonism

Question 26

two drugs can act on different receptors or by different mech. but counteract each others effect

Answer 26

physiological antagonism

Question 27

when antagonist interferes with binding of the agonist with its receptor and inhibits generation of response

Answer 27

receptor antagonism