General Flashcards by Aaron Mlnarik

Aging and CVD are correlated for several reasons. Which are TRUE?

Impaired mitochondrial ATP production
Decreased beta-adrenergic responsiveness
Decreased Vascular stiffness
Increased myocardial stiffness

1, 2, and 4 are TRUE

As people age, the experience INCREASED vascular stiffness.

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Which mineral is found in shellfish, black pepper, parsley, dill seeds, and canned apple juice?

Boron
Vanadium
Molybdenum
Chromium

Vanadium

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Which drug can cause HYPERglycemia, as opposed to the others that cause HYPOglycemia?

Amaryl
Glucotrol
Diabeta
Norvir

Norvir is a protease inhibitor that causes HYPER

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Which is a medium Glycemic Index food (others are low)

Sweet potato
grapes
brown rice
Lima Beans

Sweet potato has GI of 61

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Human breast milk has a high content of which two fatty acids?

Arachidonic and oleic
Palmitic and oleic
Linoleic and lauric
palmitic and linoleic

Palmitic and oleic

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True or False

Saw Palmetto is useful for nausea in cancer survivors.

False

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Which mineral is an antioxidant because it targets H2O2 in the body and converts it to water (via GPx)?

Zn
Se
Fe
Mg

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The following foods contain high amounts of which mineral?

Foods: Brazil nuts, tuna, poultry, meats, brown rice, sunflower seeds, mushrooms

Mg
Se
Fe
Zn

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3 core functions of community nutrition practice include all the following EXCEPT:

Public health assurance
Health Research
Policy development
Needs Assessment

Health Research is not a core function.

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Which is a galactogogue that you could use with a breastfeeding mother?

Fenugreek
Chamomile
valerian
motherwort

Fenugreek

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Alcohol abuse can lead to both primary and secondary malnutrition.

True or False

True

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Which is a low potassium food (0-100mg/serving)?

Avocado
Beet Greens
Applesauce
Dried fruit

Applesauce

The rest are high potassium (>300mg)

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Preseason training for athletes focuses on ______, and therefore does not require high carbs for high intensity.

Competing
Preparation

Preparation.

High cho for high intensity is for competing

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Which method requires interviewing skills?

Daily food record
Food frequency questionnaire
Inpatient nutrient intake analysis
24 hour recall

24 hour recall….

requires asking pt questions about their intake to get as much detailed info from their memory

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Dietary fiber is safe to take with minerals

True or False

FALSE…it antagonizes minerals, specifically Calcium

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Which nutrients act as antioxidants and reduce reactive oxygen species?

Selenium
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Carotenoids

Selenium, A, E, C

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Folate content of foods is NOT reduced by:

Acidity
Sunlight
Tannins
Cooking

Tannins

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Which mineral interferes most with iron absorption?

Phosphorus
Magnesium
Copper
Calcium

Calcium

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Which is the most sensitive indicator of iron deficiency?

TIBC
Ferritin
Circulating transferrin
Plasma iron

Ferritin

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How many hours can breastmilk be safely at room temp?

1
4
8
12

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Coltsfoot (tussilago farfara) is most often used to treat:

bruises and burns
cramps
toothache
headaches and sore throat

headaches and sore throat…

reduces flatulence, induces sweating, relieves heachache

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Adolescents with high LDL should:

Limit overall fat to 30% of diet
Limit Saturated fat to 7%
Add psyllium to diet
Engage in 1 hour of vigorous exercise daily
All of the above

All of the above

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Preconception folate requirement?

200 mcg
400 mcg
600mcg
800mcg

400

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ACE inhibitors can cause which mineral deficiency?

Mg
Cu
Zn
Se

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If a patient has dumping syndrome, they should have _____ protein, _______ starch, and _______ fats. high, moderate, low High, moderate, low high, moderate, low

high, low, moderate

Neurotensin is a neurotransmitter that ______ the release of gastric emptying and acid secretions. Inhibits Stimulates

Inhibits

a Late clinical finding for Iron deficiency anemia is: reduced immunocompetence fatigue gastritis inadequate muscle function

Gastritis.

Which type of study would it be when a group of people are followed for a long period of time and have to report in at a specific interval for assessment? Case-study Cross sectional Cohort case-control

Cohort

Protease inhibitors are commonly found in: soybeans and legumes black and green teas dairy products grains and pseudograins

soybeans and legumes

Methylation occurs in which detox phase? Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

2 .. this is the primary method of removing toxins

Highest AGEs per serving? Dried figs Fruit roll up Glazed donuts oreos

Dried figs

Manganese absorption is NOT decreased by: ``` Iron Calcium Magnesium Oxalates Zinc Phytic acid ```

Zinc

What is the minimum safe temperature for beef, pork, veal, and lamb? 145 135 155 165

145

Which mineral has an inverse relationship with silicon (meaning when one is high the other is low)? Mo B Cr V

Black males are at highest risk for HTN? T or F

Resveratrol, curcumin, and ECG support _____ immunity while echinacea supports ________. TH1, TH2 TH2, TH1

TH1, Th2

Lemongrass, hibiscus, and raspberry ___________ milk flow. Improve Reduce

Improve

Jasmine flower reduces milkflow. T or F

True

Which mineral, found in pesticides, is related to Parkinson's? Se Mo Cr Mn

Which drug suppress appetite? Flagyl Librium Xanax Paxil

Flagyl

Prior to surgery, avoid which of the following herbs? ``` Garlic Ginkgo Dong quai Feverfew Ginseng All of these ```

All of these

In order to spare muscle protein in acute renal failure, large intakes of which are recommended? CHOs CHOs in the form of glucose Lipids CHOs and Lipids

CHOs and Lipids

Which occurs in metabolic alkalosis? increased CO2 Decreased CO2 increased serum bicarb decreased serum bicarb

increased serum bicarb

Abnormal methane (CH4) production is considered in the pathogenesis of the following GI issues EXCEPT: SIBO Gastroparesis IBD Colon Cancer

Gastroparesis

Which % of parkinson's patients are disabled after 10 years? 40 50 75 80

Dietary supplements are the most common form of integrative medicine practiced in the US. True or False

True

Which mineral is present in the outer layers and germ of the cereal grains and is removed during processing? Folate Magnesium Calcium Phosphorous

Magnesium

How many milligrams of iron is recommended at the start of menses for a young girl? 10 15 18 27

15mg

Smokers should add how many milligrams of Vitamin C to the RDA? none 15 35 75

35mg

What is the RDA for Vitamin C for a male? 50mg 75mg 90mg 100mg

90mg

Vitamin C RDA for female? 50mg 75 90 100

75mg

Which is a good source of DHA for those allergic to fish? caviar eggs algae flaxseed

Algae

Premature graying could be caused by a deficiency of which? EFAs or zinc B12 or copper protein or zinc vitamin c

B12 and/or copper

Which of the following does not cause hyponatremia? ``` SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion) hyperlipidemia adrenal insufficiency hypoglycemia ```

hypoglycemia 3 basic causes of hyponatremia are hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypotonic hyponatremia caused by SIADH and adrenal issues

Galactose is a disaccharide? T or F

F...monosaccharide

Which do you supplement for dyspepsia and hyperkalemia? Zn Ca Na Mg

Ca 500-1000mg

Echinacea can cause ______ in cancer survivors. Diarrhea Constipation

Diarrhea

Which is a 20 carbon fatty acid with 5 double bonds? DHA EPA AA (arachidonic, or ARA) ALA

EPA

Dehalogenation, oxidation, and reduction reactions occur in which phase of liver detox? Phase 1 Phase 2

Phase 1

Sulfation occurs in .... of liver detox Phase 1 Phase 2 Both

Phase 2

Which type of diet might help osteopenia? Anti-prolamin diet Alkaline diet low residue low purine

Alkaline...as acidic accelerates bone loss

Which is NOT a sign of selenium toxicity? garlic breath bleeding gums skin rashes brittle hair/nails

bleeding gums

In patients with CKD presenting with edema, how much sodium daily is recommended? 1300mg 1500 1200 2000

1500mg

Which B vitamins have a tolerable upper limit? B2 and B3 Folate and B6 B12 and B6 Folate and B12

folate and B6

TUL for Folate? 1000mcg/day 1500 500 2000

1000mcg/d

TUL for B6? 50mg/d 100mg/d 150mg/d 200mg/d

100mg/d

Examples of B1 requiring reactions are these EXCEPT: malate dehydrogenase pyrophosphokinase dihydrolipoyl transacetylase pyruvate dehyrodgenase

malate dehydrogenase

Salicylate sensitivity symptoms.... headaches, brain fog, visual impairment anxiety, nasal congestion, asthma depression, lethargy, hand tremors sneezing, joint pain, easy bruising

anxiety, nasal congestion, asthma

These foods contain which compound? Apricots, apples, berries, cherries, dates, grapes Oxalates Salicylates Bromelain None of the above

Salicylates

Breastmilk leaves and infants stomach in ____ hours, versus formula which takes ______ hours. 2, 5 1.5, 3-4 4, 2 1, 2.5

breastmilk=1.5 | formula=3-4

For it to be labelled "low calorie", it must be equal to or less than ______ Kcal per serving 40 50 30 60

EPA is an inhibitor of which: fructose metabolism glucose metabolism fatty acid metabolism Arachidonic acid metabolism

arachidonic acid metabolism...is suppressed and PGE2 is reduced

Which SNP is most strongly associated with obesity? FTO (fat mass and obesity) ADRB3 (adrenergic receptor beta 3) FABP2 (fatty acid binding protein 2) POMC (proopiomelanocortin)

FTO

Tart foods may help improve xerostomia for cancer patients. True or false

True

Which hormone released after stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system is associated with accelerating the formation of plaque? cortisol norepinephrine angiotensin II epinephrine

angiotensin II can contribute to CVD through this mechanism

Which nutrient is needed for the transketolase in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway? Folate B5 Thiamin Riboflavin

Thiamin

Soy allergies are contraindicated with all the following drugs EXCEPT Accupril Phazyme Accutane Atrovent

Accupril. The rest contain soy derivatives

Which nutrient is lost most rapidly during dialysis? B12 folate Vit C B3

Folate

Which is the closest in terms of absorbable calcium to 1 cup of milk? 4 cups cooked red beans 4 cups cooked pinto beans 4 cups cooked spinach 4 cups sweet potatoes cooked

4 cups pinto beans

Which of the following classes of medications chelates iron, inhibits its absorption, inhibits potassium excretion, and increases urinary zinc excretion? antibiotics antacids antidepressants ACE inhibitors

ACE inhibitors

Which amino acid are used to synthesize creatine? Tyrosine and leucine isoleucine, threonine, and histidine glycine, arginine, and methionine glutamine and methionine

glycine, arginine, methionine

Large doses of which vitamin have the potential to compete with biotin for uptake human sodium dependent multivitamin transporter (hSMVT)? Niacin Pantothenic acid Thiamin B12

Pantothenic acid

Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity is stimulated by folate and calcium meat and alcohol wheat products olive oil

meat and alcohol Increased DAO activity linked to increased risk for colorectal cancer

Marinol and Cesamet are the two RX CBDs available. True or False

True

Quinapril (Accupril) contains nutritionally significant amounts of: Na Ca Mg Vit A

Mg (50-200mg provided daily by the drug)

Which is needed in glycogenolysis? B6 B2 B3 B5

b6 is needed for rate limiting step of glycogen phosphorylase

Uremia may be a sign of which stage renal dz? stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 end-stage

end-stage

Iodine deficiency can be exacerbated by which nutrient Vitamin A Selenium Iron All of the above

All of the above

Von Willebrand disease affects: blood clotting Gallbladder health Dental health vision

blood clotting

All of the following should be avoided in patients with Von Willebrand disease due to their affect on blood thinning, EXCEPT: ginkgo vitamin D fish oil vitamin E

Vitamin D does not affect blood clotting like the others

Safe temp for cooking salmon to: 135 145 155 165

145

Apples contain _______ which can help with a niacin flush. Bromelain Quercetin Pectin Glucose

Quercetin

Which is the only carbohydrate known to increase the production of uric acid and the urinary excretion of uric acid? Glucose Lactose Fructose Maltose

Fructose

Which food borne illness is not destroyed by cooking? E coli Salmonella Staphylococcus aureus Clostridium botulinum

Staph a

Which mineral is present in every cell of the body? Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Zinc

Phosphorus (phospholipid bilayer)

Which mineral may enhance the use of non-heme iron? Zn Se Mg Ni

Nickel

Peak bone mass is reached by age: 18 25 30 35

Respiratory quotient for CHOs is 1 2 0.5 0.8

1 RQ= CO2 expired/O2 consumed

Anthracyclines (cancer drugs) inhibit the synthesis of which nutrient: L-carnitine Glutamine CoQ10 Glutathione

CoQ10

All of the following factors impact p-value except bias magnitude effect variability sample size

bias