General anatomical knowledge Flashcards

(57 cards)

1
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

A bone that is incorporated in a tendon

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2
Q

What type of joint is a glenohumeral joint? And what is the other name for this joint?

A

Ball and socket. Shoulder joint

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3
Q

What bone is the most lateral on the proximal carpal row of the wrist?

A

Scaphoid

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4
Q

What is an articulation?

A

The meeting of two bone surfaces

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5
Q

What is a facet?

A

These are a set of synovial, plane joints between the articular processes of two adjacent vertebrae.

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6
Q

What is a condyle?

A

A rounded surface (knucke-like) that articulates with another bone

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7
Q

What is a projection?

A

A raised marking - for example spinous processes of the vertebrae

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8
Q

What is an eminence?

A

A projection that is typically smooth

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9
Q

What is the head of a bone?

A

A region that is the prominent expanded end of a bone

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10
Q

What is a crest?

A

A narrow ridge

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11
Q

What is an epicondyle?

A

A projection that is superior to the condyle

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12
Q

What is a process?

A

A body prominence (area that is raised above it’s surroundings)

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13
Q

What is a spine (spinous)?

A

A sharp, slender, or narrow process

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14
Q

What is a tubercle?

A

A small, rounded projection

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15
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

A rough, elevated surface

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16
Q

What is a fossa?

A

A shallow depression

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17
Q

What is sulcus?

A

A groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel

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18
Q

What closed embryological remnant connects the aortic arch and the pulmonary trunk?

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

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19
Q

What vessels provides the arterial supply to head and neck?

A

Common carotid artery

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20
Q

What peripheral pulse can be found at the medial side of the ankle joint?

A

Posterior tibial artery pulse

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21
Q

What chamber is the sinoatrial node located in?

A

Right Atrium.

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22
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamus, non-keratinised.

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23
Q

What are the changes to the muscle layers as the oesophagus descends to the stomach?

A

A transition from skeletal muscle (top third) to skeletal/smooth (mid third) to smooth (lower third).

24
Q

The oesophagus is posterior to the?

25
Name the sphincter that prevents acid reflux.
Lower oesophageal sphincter.
26
Referring to the regions of the abdomen: where does the stomach lie?
Left hypochondrium.
27
Referring to the regions of the abdomen: where does the liver lie?
Right hypochondrium, but due to size can also spill into the epigastric region.
28
Referring to the regions of the abdomen: where does the bladder lie?
Suprapubic / hypogastric (same region, different names).
29
What activates the proteolytic enzyme pepsin (from pepsinogen) in the stomach?
Hydrochloric acid.
30
What branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the stomach?
Coeliac Trunk
31
Chyme passes into the _______ from the _______ via the ________.
Duodenum, Stomach, Gastroduodenal Junction.
32
The ingested bolus travels to the stomach, the resulting distension to the stomach and the release of gastrin. What does gastrin stimulate?
Secretion of HCl from parietal cells (denatures proteins), secretion of pepsinogen from chief cells (proteolytic) and increase in gut motility.
33
What is another name of the Spincter of Oddi, that better describes it's anatomical location?
Hepatopancreatic Sphincter.
34
What are the sections of the small intestine, and what is the role of each?
Duodenum - Digestion Jejunum - Absorption Ileum - More absorption (terminates at the ileocecal valve)
35
How many lobes make up the liver? What are the names of each lobe?
Four. Left, right, caudate, quadrate.
36
How many lobes make up the right lung? What separates these lobes?
Three. Horizontal and oblique fissures.
37
What anatomical feature does the left lung have, that the right lung lacks?
Cardiac notch, this along with the deficit of one lobe accommodates the heart.
38
What artery supplies the spleen?
Splenic artery.
39
Referring to the regions of the abdomen: where does the spleen lie?
Left hypochondrium.
40
Why is the splenic artery described as tortuous?
High pressures mean the flow of blood is constant and non-pulsatile.
41
Define Viscera
The internal organs in the main cavities of the body.
42
What is the space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum called?
Peritoneal Cavity
43
Explain what is meant by an intraperitoneal organ. Give examples.
An organ that is covered, anteriorly and posteriorly, by visceral peritoneum. Liver, stomach, spleen.
44
Explain what is meant by a retroperitoneal organ. Give examples.
Organs which are not associated in any way with visceral peritoneum. Only covered by parietal peritoneum, and only at their anterior surface. Kidney and colon are classic examples.
45
What vessel drains from inferior to superior into the left renal vein?
Left Gonadal vein
46
Which gland shares space within the posterior abdomen with the kidneys?
Adrenal
47
Which vessel supplies blood to the majority of the pelvic organs?
Internal iliac artery
48
What is the most proximal part of the male urethra called?
Prostatic
49
What is the most anterior opening in the female pelvic floor?
Urethra
50
Where do renal arteries originate?
Aorta
51
Into which vessel does the testicular or ovarian vein drain into on the left?
Left renal vein
52
Layers of the testicles from superficial to deep
Skin > Superficical fascia, cremaster muscle, Tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea
53
Where is the bowmans capsule found?
Kidney
54
What three parts of the male urethra occur anatomically from proximal to distal
Prostatic, membranous, spongy
55
What is meant by glossal?
Tongue
56
What is meant by cephaly?
Head
57
What is meant by brachial?
Relating to the arm