General anatomical knowledge

Question 1

What is a sesamoid bone?

Answer 1

A bone that is incorporated in a tendon

Question 2

What type of joint is a glenohumeral joint? And what is the other name for this joint?

Answer 2

Ball and socket. Shoulder joint

Question 3

What bone is the most lateral on the proximal carpal row of the wrist?

Answer 3

Scaphoid

Question 4

What is an articulation?

Answer 4

The meeting of two bone surfaces

Question 5

What is a facet?

Answer 5

These are a set of synovial, plane joints between the articular processes of two adjacent vertebrae.

Question 6

What is a condyle?

Answer 6

A rounded surface (knucke-like) that articulates with another bone

Question 7

What is a projection?

Answer 7

A raised marking - for example spinous processes of the vertebrae

Question 8

What is an eminence?

Answer 8

A projection that is typically smooth

Question 9

What is the head of a bone?

Answer 9

A region that is the prominent expanded end of a bone

Question 10

What is a crest?

Answer 10

A narrow ridge

Question 11

What is an epicondyle?

Answer 11

A projection that is superior to the condyle

Question 12

What is a process?

Answer 12

A body prominence (area that is raised above it’s surroundings)

Question 13

What is a spine (spinous)?

Answer 13

A sharp, slender, or narrow process

Question 14

What is a tubercle?

Answer 14

A small, rounded projection

Question 15

What is a tuberosity?

Answer 15

A rough, elevated surface

Question 16

What is a fossa?

Answer 16

A shallow depression

Question 17

What is sulcus?

Answer 17

A groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel

Question 18

What closed embryological remnant connects the aortic arch and the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 18

Ligamentum Arteriosum

Question 19

What vessels provides the arterial supply to head and neck?

Answer 19

Common carotid artery

Question 20

What peripheral pulse can be found at the medial side of the ankle joint?

Answer 20

Posterior tibial artery pulse

Question 21

What chamber is the sinoatrial node located in?

Answer 21

Right Atrium.

Question 22

What type of epithelium lines the oesophagus?

Answer 22

Stratified squamus, non-keratinised.

Question 23

What are the changes to the muscle layers as the oesophagus descends to the stomach?

Answer 23

A transition from skeletal muscle (top third) to skeletal/smooth (mid third) to smooth (lower third).

Question 24

The oesophagus is posterior to the?

Answer 24

Heart.

Question 25

Name the sphincter that prevents acid reflux.

Answer 25

Lower oesophageal sphincter.

Question 26

Referring to the regions of the abdomen: where does the stomach lie?

Answer 26

Left hypochondrium.

Question 27

Referring to the regions of the abdomen: where does the liver lie?

Answer 27

Right hypochondrium, but due to size can also spill into the epigastric region.

Question 28

Referring to the regions of the abdomen: where does the bladder lie?

Answer 28

Suprapubic / hypogastric (same region, different names).

Question 29

What activates the proteolytic enzyme pepsin (from pepsinogen) in the stomach?

Answer 29

Hydrochloric acid.

Question 30

What branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the stomach?

Answer 30

Coeliac Trunk

Question 31

Chyme passes into the _______ from the _______ via the ________.

Answer 31

Duodenum, Stomach, Gastroduodenal Junction.

Question 32

The ingested bolus travels to the stomach, the resulting distension to the stomach and the release of gastrin. What does gastrin stimulate?

Answer 32

Secretion of HCl from parietal cells (denatures proteins), secretion of pepsinogen from chief cells (proteolytic) and increase in gut motility.

Question 33

What is another name of the Spincter of Oddi, that better describes it's anatomical location?

Answer 33

Hepatopancreatic Sphincter.

Question 34

What are the sections of the small intestine, and what is the role of each?

Answer 34

Duodenum - Digestion Jejunum - Absorption Ileum - More absorption (terminates at the ileocecal valve)

Question 35

How many lobes make up the liver? What are the names of each lobe?

Answer 35

Four. Left, right, caudate, quadrate.

Question 36

How many lobes make up the right lung? What separates these lobes?

Answer 36

Three. Horizontal and oblique fissures.

Question 37

What anatomical feature does the left lung have, that the right lung lacks?

Answer 37

Cardiac notch, this along with the deficit of one lobe accommodates the heart.

Question 38

What artery supplies the spleen?

Answer 38

Splenic artery.

Question 39

Referring to the regions of the abdomen: where does the spleen lie?

Answer 39

Left hypochondrium.

Question 40

Why is the splenic artery described as tortuous?

Answer 40

High pressures mean the flow of blood is constant and non-pulsatile.

Question 41

Define Viscera

Answer 41

The internal organs in the main cavities of the body.

Question 42

What is the space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum called?

Answer 42

Peritoneal Cavity

Question 43

Explain what is meant by an intraperitoneal organ. Give examples.

Answer 43

An organ that is covered, anteriorly and posteriorly, by visceral peritoneum. Liver, stomach, spleen.

Question 44

Explain what is meant by a retroperitoneal organ. Give examples.

Answer 44

Organs which are not associated in any way with visceral peritoneum. Only covered by parietal peritoneum, and only at their anterior surface. Kidney and colon are classic examples.

Question 45

What vessel drains from inferior to superior into the left renal vein?

Answer 45

Left Gonadal vein

Question 46

Which gland shares space within the posterior abdomen with the kidneys?

Answer 46

Adrenal

Question 47

Which vessel supplies blood to the majority of the pelvic organs?

Answer 47

Internal iliac artery

Question 48

What is the most proximal part of the male urethra called?

Answer 48

Prostatic

Question 49

What is the most anterior opening in the female pelvic floor?

Answer 49

Urethra

Question 50

Where do renal arteries originate?

Answer 50

Aorta

Question 51

Into which vessel does the testicular or ovarian vein drain into on the left?

Answer 51

Left renal vein

Question 52

Layers of the testicles from superficial to deep

Answer 52

Skin > Superficical fascia, cremaster muscle, Tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea

Question 53

Where is the bowmans capsule found?

Answer 53

Kidney

Question 54

What three parts of the male urethra occur anatomically from proximal to distal

Answer 54

Prostatic, membranous, spongy

Question 55

What is meant by glossal?

Answer 55

Tongue

Question 56

What is meant by cephaly?

Answer 56

Head

Question 57

What is meant by brachial?

Answer 57

Relating to the arm